材质（Materials）

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已于 2024-02-12 16:24:40 修改

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分类专栏： opengl C++ 文章标签：材质 c++

于 2024-01-28 18:16:45 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xiaoyao_zhang/article/details/135898500

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#include <glad/glad.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>

#include "Shader.h"
#include "Camera.h"

#include <iostream>

void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);

// settings
const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 1200;
const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 800;

// camera
Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
bool firstMouse = true;
bool left_mouse_down = false;

// timing
float deltaTime = 0.0f;
float lastFrame = 0.0f;

// lighting
glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);

int main()
{
    // glfw: initialize and configure
    glfwInit();
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

    // glfw window creation
    GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "LearnOpenGL", NULL, NULL);
    if (window == NULL)
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);

    // tell GLFW to capture our mouse
    //glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

    // glad: load all OpenGL function pointers
    if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress))
    {
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // configure global opengl state
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

    Shader lightingShader("E:/learnOpenGL/Source/GLProj/Shader/materials.vs", "E:/learnOpenGL/Source/GLProj/Shader/materials.fs");
    Shader lightCubeShader("E:/learnOpenGL/Source/GLProj/Shader/1.light_cube.vs", "E:/learnOpenGL/Source/GLProj/Shader/1.light_cube.fs");

    // set up vertex data (and buffer(s)) and configure vertex attributes
    float vertices[] = {
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,

    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f,

    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,

     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,

    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,

    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
     0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f
    };
    // first, configure the cube's VAO (and VBO)
    unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);

    // position attribute
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3*sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

    // second, configure the light's VAO (VBO stays the same; 
    //  the vertices are the same for the light object which is also a 3D cube)
    unsigned int lightCubeVAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);

    // we only need to bind to the VBO (to link it with glVertexAttribPointer), no need to fill it; 
    //the VBO's data already contains all we need (it's already bound, but we do it again for educational purposes)
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);


    // render loop
    while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    {
        // per-frame time logic
        float currentFrame = static_cast<float>(glfwGetTime());
        deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
        lastFrame = currentFrame;

        // input
        processInput(window);

        // render
        glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        // be sure to activate shader when setting uniforms/drawing objects
        lightingShader.use();
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.position", lightPos);
        lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);

        // light properties
        glm::vec3 lightColor;
        lightColor.x = static_cast<float>(sin(glfwGetTime() * 2.0));
        lightColor.y = static_cast<float>(sin(glfwGetTime() * 0.7));
        lightColor.z = static_cast<float>(sin(glfwGetTime() * 1.3));
        glm::vec3 diffuseColor = lightColor * glm::vec3(0.5f); // decrease the influence
        glm::vec3 ambientColor = diffuseColor * glm::vec3(0.2f); // low influence
        
        /*lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", ambientColor);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", diffuseColor);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);*/

        lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); // 将光照调暗了一些以搭配场景
        lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

        // material properties
        lightingShader.setVec3("material.ambient", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("material.diffuse", 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.31f);
        lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f); // specular lighting doesn't have full effect on this object's material
        lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);

        // view/projection transformations
        glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
        glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
        lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);

        // world transformation
        glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);

        // render the cube
        glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);

        // also draw the lamp object
        lightCubeShader.use();
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("view", view);
        model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
        model = glm::translate(model, lightPos);
        model = glm::scale(model, glm::vec3(0.2f)); // a smaller cube
        lightCubeShader.setMat4("model", model);

        glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);


        // glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();
    }

    // optional: de-allocate all resources once they've outlived their purpose:
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);

    // glfw: terminate, clearing all previously allocated GLFW resources.
    glfwTerminate();
    return 0;
}

// process all input: query GLFW whether relevant keys are pressed/released this frame and react accordingly
void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
{
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
        glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);

    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
        camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
}

// glfw: whenever the window size changed (by OS or user resize) this callback function executes
void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
{
    // make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and 
    // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
    glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
}

// glfw: whenever the mouse moves, this callback is called
void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xposIn, double yposIn)
{
    if (glfwGetMouseButton(window, GLFW_MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT) == GLFW_PRESS) 
        left_mouse_down = true;
    
    if (glfwGetMouseButton(window, GLFW_MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT) == GLFW_RELEASE) 
        left_mouse_down = false;
    
    if (!left_mouse_down)
        return;

    float xpos = static_cast<float>(xposIn);
    float ypos = static_cast<float>(yposIn);

    if (firstMouse)
    {
        lastX = xpos;
        lastY = ypos;
        firstMouse = false;
    }

    float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to top

    lastX = xpos;
    lastY = ypos;

    camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
}

// glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called
void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
{
    camera.ProcessMouseScroll(static_cast<float>(yoffset));
}

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 aNormal;

out vec3 FragPos;
out vec3 Normal;

uniform mat4 model;
uniform mat4 view;
uniform mat4 projection;

void main()
{
    FragPos = vec3(model * vec4(aPos, 1.0));
    //把法向量转换为世界空间坐标
    //法线矩阵:模型矩阵左上角3x3部分的逆矩阵的转置矩阵
    //强制转换为3×3矩阵，使其失去位移属性，能够乘以vec3的法向量
    //矩阵求逆是一项对于着色器开销很大的运算，它在场景中的每一个顶点上进行，应尽可能避免在着色器中进行求逆运算
    Normal = mat3(transpose(inverse(model))) * aNormal;  
    
    gl_Position = projection * view * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
}

#version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;

struct Material {
    //物体在光照各分量下的颜色
    vec3 ambient;
    vec3 diffuse;
    vec3 specular;  
    //反光度，影响镜面高光的散射/半径  
    float shininess;
}; 

struct Light {
    vec3 position;

    //物体各材质属性对光照各分量反射的强度
    vec3 ambient;
    vec3 diffuse;
    vec3 specular;
};

in vec3 FragPos;  
in vec3 Normal;  
  
uniform vec3 viewPos;
uniform Material material;
uniform Light light;

void main()
{
    // ambient
    vec3 ambient = light.ambient * material.ambient;
  	
    // diffuse 
    vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
    vec3 lightDir = normalize(light.position - FragPos);
    float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
    vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * (diff * material.diffuse);
    
    // specular
    vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
    vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm);  
    float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
    vec3 specular = light.specular * (spec * material.specular);  
        
    vec3 result = ambient + diffuse + specular;
    FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
}