9. Ingress和HPA控制器

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-23 15:31:41 发布

xiaoyizi311

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-23 15:31:41 发布

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分类专栏：云原生/微服务文章标签： kubernetes

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1. Ingress实现基于域名的多虚拟主机、URL转发、及多域名https实现等案例

1.1 Kubernetes的service类型和暴露方式

kubectl explain service.spec.type

ClusterIP：默认的类型，用于k8s内部之间的服务访问，即通过内部的service ip实现服务间的访问，service IP仅可以在内部访问，不能从外部访问。

NodePort：在cluster IP的基础之上，通过在每个node节点监听一个可以指定宿主机端口(nodePort)来暴露服务，从而允许外部client访问k8s集群中的服务，nodePort把外部client的请求转发至service进行处理，

LoadBalancer：主要在公有云如阿里云、AWS上使用，LoadBalancer构建在nodePort基础之上，通过公有云服务商提供的负载均衡器将k8s集群中的服务暴露给集群外部的client访问。

ExternalName：用于将k8s集群外部的服务映射至k8s集群内部访问，从而让集群内部的pod能够通过固定的service name访问集群外部的服务，有时候也用于将不同namespace之间的pod通过ExternalName进行访问。

Service如果是cluster类型那么从clusterIP到pod是默认是TCP协议，TCP支持MySQL、Redis等特定服务，另外还有UDP和SCTP协议。

Kubernetes暴露服务的几种方式：

NodePort
clusterIP
loadBalancerIP
ingress

1.2 Ingress控制器简介

Ingress：https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/
Ingress是kubernetes API中的标准资源类型之一，ingress实现的功能是将客户端请求的host名称或请求的URL路径把请求转发到指定的service资源的规则，即用于将kubernetes集群外部的请求资源转发之集群内部的service，再被service转发之pod处理客户端的请求。
Ingress controller：https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress-controllers/
Ingress资源需要指定监听地址、请求的host和URL等配置，然后根据这些规则的匹配机制将客户端的请求进行转发，这种能够为ingress配置资源监听并转发流量的组件称为ingress控制器(ingress controller)，ingress controller是kubernetes的一个附件，类似于dashboard或者flannel一样，需要单独部署。

1.3 部署Ingress-nginx控制器

Ingress选型：https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress-controllers/
部署ingress controller：https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/deploy/
NodePort方式：https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/deploy/#bare-metal
官方配置文档：https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/

# cat ingress-controller-deploy.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx

---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
data:
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - update
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - update
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - extensions
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+
    resources:
      - ingressclasses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      - ingress-controller-leader-nginx
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - create
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service-webhook.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
    - name: https-webhook
      port: 443
      targetPort: webhook
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 80
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: http
      nodePort: 40080
    - name: https
      port: 443
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: https
      nodePort: 40444
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  minReadySeconds: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    spec:
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:
        - name: controller
          image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.33.0
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          lifecycle:
            preStop:
              exec:
                command:
                  - /wait-shutdown
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --election-id=ingress-controller-leader
            - --ingress-class=nginx
            - --configmap=ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx-controller
            - --validating-webhook=:8443
            - --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert
            - --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/key
          securityContext:
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            runAsUser: 101
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            timeoutSeconds: 1
            successThreshold: 1
            failureThreshold: 3
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            timeoutSeconds: 1
            successThreshold: 1
            failureThreshold: 3
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
              protocol: TCP
            - name: webhook
              containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          volumeMounts:
            - name: webhook-cert
              mountPath: /usr/local/certificates/
              readOnly: true
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 90Mi
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      volumes:
        - name: webhook-cert
          secret:
            secretName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/validating-webhook.yaml
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
webhooks:
  - name: validate.nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
    rules:
      - apiGroups:
          - extensions
          - networking.k8s.io
        apiVersions:
          - v1beta1
        operations:
          - CREATE
          - UPDATE
        resources:
          - ingresses
    failurePolicy: Fail
    clientConfig:
      service:
        namespace: ingress-nginx
        name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
        path: /extensions/v1beta1/ingresses
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - admissionregistration.k8s.io
    resources:
      - validatingwebhookconfigurations
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx-admission
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-createSecret.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
      labels:
        helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: create
          image: jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.2.0
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          args:
            - create
            - --host=ingress-nginx-controller-admission,ingress-nginx-controller-admission.ingress-nginx.svc
            - --namespace=ingress-nginx
            - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
      securityContext:
        runAsNonRoot: true
        runAsUser: 2000
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-patchWebhook.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
      labels:
        helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: patch
          image: jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.2.0
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          args:
            - patch
            - --webhook-name=ingress-nginx-admission
            - --namespace=ingress-nginx
            - --patch-mutating=false
            - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
            - --patch-failure-policy=Fail
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
      securityContext:
        runAsNonRoot: true
        runAsUser: 2000
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ''
    resources:
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - get
      - create
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress-nginx-admission
    namespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  annotations:
    helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgrade
    helm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeeded
  labels:
    helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-2.4.0
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 0.33.0
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
  namespace: ingress-nginx

# kubectl apply -f ingress-controller-deploy.yaml

1.4 部署web服务

# cat tomcat-app1.yaml
kind: Deployment
#apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: test-tomcat-app1-deployment-label
  name: test-tomcat-app1-deployment
  namespace: test
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: test-tomcat-app1-selector
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: test-tomcat-app1-selector
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: test-tomcat-app1-container
        image: harbor.k8s.local/k8s/tomcat-app1:v1
        #command: ["/apps/tomcat/bin/run_tomcat.sh"]
        #imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
        env:
        - name: "password"
          value: "123456"
        - name: "age"
          value: "18"
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 1
            memory: "512Mi"
          requests:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: "512Mi"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: app1-data
            mountPath: /data/tomcat/webapps/myapp
            readOnly: false
      volumes: 
      - name: app1-data
        nfs: 
          server: 172.16.244.141
          path: /data/k8sdata/tomcat-app1-data
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: test-tomcat-app1-service-label
  name: test-tomcat-app1-service
  namespace: test
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 8080
    nodePort: 40003
  selector:
    app: test-tomcat-app1-selector

# cat tomcat-app2.yaml
kind: Deployment
#apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: test-tomcat-app2-deployment-label
  name: test-tomcat-app2-deployment
  namespace: test
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: test-tomcat-app2-selector
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: test-tomcat-app2-selector
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: test-tomcat-app2-container
        image: harbor.k8s.local/k8s/tomcat-app1:v1 
        #command: ["/apps/tomcat/bin/run_tomcat.sh"]
        #imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          protocol: TCP
          name: http
        env:
        - name: "password"
          value: "123456"
        - name: "age"
          value: "18"
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 1
            memory: "512Mi"
          requests:
            cpu: 500m
            memory: "512Mi"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: app2-data
          mountPath: /data/tomcat/webapps/myapp
          readOnly: false
      volumes: 
      - name: app2-data
        nfs: 
          server: 172.16.244.141
          path: /data/k8sdata/tomcat-app2-data
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    app: test-tomcat-app2-service-label
  name: test-tomcat-app2-service
  namespace: test
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 8080
    nodePort: 40004
  selector:
    app: test-tomcat-app2-selector

1.5 实现单host及多host的ingress

单host：

# cat ingress_single-host.yaml 
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: tom-web
  namespace: test
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" ##指定Ingress Controller的类型
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true" ##指定后面rules定义的path可以使用正则表达式
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-connect-timeout: "600" ##连接超时时间,默认为5s
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-send-timeout: "600" ##后端服务器回转数据超时时间,默认为60s
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-read-timeout: "600" ##后端服务器响应超时时间,默认为60s
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size: "50m" ##客户端上传文件，最大大小，默认为20m
    #nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: / ##URL重写
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/app-root: /index.html
spec:
  rules: #路由规则
  - host: www.test.com ##客户端访问的host域名
    http:
      paths:
      - path:
        backend:
          serviceName: test-tomcat-app1-service  #转发至哪个service
          servicePort: 80 ##转发至service的端口号

# 客户端：
# cat /etc/hosts
 ...
 172.16.244.203 www.test.com

# ha上：
root@ha1:~# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
...
listen app-ingress-80
  bind 172.16.244.203:80
  mode tcp
  server k8s1 172.16.244.111:40080 check inter 3s fall 3 rise 5
  server k8s2 172.16.244.112:40080 check inter 3s fall 3 rise 5
  server k8s3 172.16.244.113:40080 check inter 3s fall 3 rise 5

listen app-ingress-443
  bind 172.16.244.203:443
  mode tcp
  server k8s1 172.16.244.111:40444 check inter 3s fall 3 rise 5
  server k8s2 172.16.244.112:40444 check inter 3s fall 3 rise 5
  server k8s3 172.16.244.113:40444 check inter 3s fall 3 rise 5

多host：

# cat ingress_multi-host.yaml 
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: tom-web
  namespace: test
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" ##指定Ingress Controller的类型
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true" ##指定后面rules定义的path可以使用正则表达式
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-connect-timeout: "600" ##连接超时时间,默认为5s
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-send-timeout: "600" ##后端服务器回转数据超时时间,默认为60s
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-read-timeout: "600" ##后端服务器响应超时时间,默认为60s
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size: "10m" ##客户端上传文件，最大大小，默认为20m
    #nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: / ##URL重写
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/app-root: /index.html
spec:
  rules:
  - host: www.test.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path:
        backend:
          serviceName: test-tomcat-app1-service
          servicePort: 80

  - host: mobile.test.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path:
        backend:
          serviceName: test-tomcat-app2-service
          servicePort: 80

1.6 实现基于URL的ingress

# cat ingress-url.yaml 
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: tom-web
  namespace: test
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" ##指定Ingress Controller的类型
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true" ##指定后面rules定义的path可以使用正则表达式
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-connect-timeout: "600" ##连接超时时间,默认为5s
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-send-timeout: "600" ##后端服务器回转数据超时时间,默认为60s
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-read-timeout: "600" ##后端服务器响应超时时间,默认为60s
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size: "10m" ##客户端上传文件，最大大小，默认为20m
    #nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: / ##URL重写
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/app-root: /index.html
spec:
  rules:
  - host: www.test.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /myapp/url1
        backend:
          serviceName: test-tomcat-app1-service
          servicePort: 80
      - path: /myapp/url2
        backend:
          serviceName: test-tomcat-app2-service 
          servicePort: 80


  - host: mobile.test.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /myapp/url1
        backend:
          serviceName: test-tomcat-app1-service
          servicePort: 80
      - path: /myapp/url2
        backend:
          serviceName: test-tomcat-app2-service 
          servicePort: 80

1.7 基于https实现单host及多host的ingress

1.7.1 签发证书

certs# openssl req -x509 -sha256 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt -days 3560 -nodes -subj '/CN=www.test.com'
certs# openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout server.key -out server.csr -nodes -subj '/CN=www.test.com'
certs# openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 3650 -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -set_serial 01 -out server.crt

1.7.2 上传密钥到k8s

certs# kubectl  create secret generic ingrees-www-tls-secret --from-file=tls.crt=server.crt --from-file=tls.key=server.key -n test

1.7.3 单Host Ingress

# cat ingress-https-single-host.yaml 
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: nginx-web
  namespace: test
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" ##指定Ingress Controller的类型
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: 'true' #SSL重定向，即将http请求强制重定向至https，等于nginx中的全站https
spec:
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - www.test.com
    secretName: ingrees-www-tls-secret
  rules:
  - host: www.test.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: test-tomcat-app1-service
          servicePort: 80

1.7.4 多Host Ingress

1.7.4.1 添加证书

# openssl req -new -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout mobile.key -out mobile.csr -nodes -subj '/CN=mobile.test.com'
# openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 3650 -in mobile.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -set_serial 01  -out mobile.crt

1.7.4.2 将证书添加到k8s

certs# kubectl  create secret generic ingress-mobile-tls-secret --from-file=tls.crt=mobile.crt --from-file=tls.key=mobile.key -n test

1.7.4.3 创建新的Ingress

# cat ingress-https-multi-host.yaml 
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: nginx-web
  namespace: test
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" ##指定Ingress Controller的类型
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: 'true'
spec:
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - www.test.com
    secretName: ingrees-www-tls-secret
  - hosts:
    - mobile.test.com
    secretName: ingress-mobile-tls-secret 
  rules:
  - host: www.test.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: test-tomcat-app1-service
          servicePort: 80
  - host: mobile.test.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: test-tomcat-app2-service
          servicePort: 80

2. 基于HPA控制器实现控制pod副本数

2.1 HPA控制器及metrics-server简介-4.2

kubectl autoscale 自动控制在k8s集群中运行的pod副本数量（水平自动伸缩），需要提前设置pod范围及出发条件。

k8s从1.1版本开始增加了名为HPA（Horizontal Pod Autoscaler）的控制器，用于实现基于pod中资源（CPU/Memory）利用率进行对pod的自动伸缩功能的实现，早期的版本只能基于Heapster组件实现对CPU利用率作为触发条件，但是在1.11版本以后开始使用Metric Server完成数据采集，然后将采集到的数据通过API（Aggregated API，汇总API），例如Metric.k8s.io/custom.metric.k8s.io/external.metrics.k8s.io，然后再把数据提供给HPA控制器进行查询，以实现基于某个资源利用率对pod进行扩展伸缩的目的。

控制管理器默认每个15s（可以通过-horizontal-pod-autoscaler-sync-period修改，kube-controller-manager --help | grep horizontal）查询metric的资源使用情况。

支持一下三种metrics指标参数：

预定义metrics（比如Pod的CPU）以利用率的方式计算
自定义的Pod metrics，以原始值（raw value）的计算方式
自定义的object metrics

支持两种metric查询方式：

Heapster
自定义的REST API

支持多metrics

2.2 HPA控制器实现控制Pod副本数

2.2.1 准备Metrics Server

使用metrics-server作为HPA数据源

https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server

2.2.1.1 代码及模板yaml文件准备

https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases 下载对应版本，基本上0.4X就够用了。官网也有对应的安装方法，获取到对应的components.yaml文件地址下载。

wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/v0.4.4/components.yaml

2.2.1.2 准备image

官方yaml采用的google 镜像k8s.gcr.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.4.4，应该提前下载，上传到私有仓库。

# docker pull k8s.gcr.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.4.4
# docker save -o metrics-server-v0.4.4.tar.gz k8s.gcr.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.4.4  

# docker load -i metrics-server-v0.4.4.tar.gz
# docker tag k8s.gcr.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.4.4 harbor.k8s.local/k8s/metrics-server:v0.4.4
# docker push harbor.k8s.local/k8s/metrics-server:v0.4.4

2.2.1.3 修改yaml文件

# cat components.yaml
...
image: k8s.gcr.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.4.4  #需要修改为私有仓库地址，harbor.k8s.local/k8s/metrics-server:v0.4.4
...

2.2.1.4 创建metrics-server 服务

# kubectl apply -f components-v0.4.4.yaml

2.2.1.5 验证metrics-server pod

# kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE              NAME                                           READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
...
kube-system            metrics-server-65f768bf69-tmkrg                1/1     Running     0          12s
...

# kubectl top pod -n test   #已经可以显示相关CPU和Memory数据
W1021 23:56:11.441727  138731 top_pod.go:140] Using json format to get metrics. Next release will switch to protocol-buffers, switch early by passing --use-protocol-buffers flag
NAME                                           CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)   
deploy-devops-redis-5f874fd856-65z8f           2m           6Mi             
mysql-0                                        14m          215Mi           
test-consumer-deployment-745c65568-ctgxv       0m           9Mi             
test-dubboadmin-deployment-549c67d886-zkmnn    134m         724Mi           
test-jenkins-deployment-58d6bfbcfb-sst2c       3m           523Mi           
test-provider-deployment-5b74694449-lzrx5      14m          11Mi            
test-tomcat-app1-deployment-64d4bb4d69-sddw9   3m           154Mi           
test-tomcat-app2-deployment-9775cc97b-b98k6    3m           124Mi           
wordpress-app-deployment-9bcd446f8-kbvkk       1m           70Mi            
zookeeper1-7bd866b955-jhzz2                    3m           73Mi            
zookeeper2-ffd4c44c8-pfcxz                     4m           66Mi            
zookeeper3-6dc789b469-bwxg2                    3m           55Mi

2.2.2 通过命令配置缩扩容

此方法建议用在测试阶段，正式环境采用yaml文件的方式

# kubectl autoscale --help
# kubectl autoscale deployment test-tomcat-app1-deployment --min=2 --max=5 --cpu-percent=30 -n test
# kubectl get hpa -n test
NAME                      REFERENCE                            TARGETS         MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
test-tomcat-app1-deployment   Deployment/test-tomcat-app1-deployment   0%/30%          2         5         2          54s

2.2.3 在yaml文件中定义缩扩容配置

# cat hpa.yaml
apiVersion: autoscaling/v1
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  namespace: test
  name: tomcat-app1-hpa
  labels: #给其它应用调用时提供的用于筛选的label
    app: test-tomcat-app1-hpa
    verison: v2beta1
spec: 
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    #apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
    kind: Deployment
    name: test-tomcat-app1-deployment
  minReplicas: 2
  maxReplicas: 20
  targetCPUUtilizationPercentage: 60
  #metrics:
  #- type: Resource
  #  resource:
  #    name: cpu
  #    targetAverageUtilization: 60
  #- type: Resource
  #  resource:
  #    name: memory
# kubectl explain hpa.spec 查看具体版本中的配置参数

2.2.4 验证HPA

root@deploy:~# kubectl apply -f hpa.yaml 
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/tomcat-app1-hpa created

root@deploy:~# kubectl get pod -n test
NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
...
test-tomcat-app1-deployment-64d4bb4d69-g9bnh   1/1     Running   0          5s
test-tomcat-app1-deployment-64d4bb4d69-sddw9   1/1     Running   1          8h
...

root@deploy:~# kubectl get hpa -n test
NAME              REFERENCE                                TARGETS   MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
tomcat-app1-hpa   Deployment/test-tomcat-app1-deployment   0%/60%    2         20        2          31s

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9. Ingress和HPA控制器

1. Ingress实现基于域名的多虚拟主机、URL转发、及多域名https实现等案例1.1 Kubernetes的service类型和暴露方式kubectl explain service.spec.typeClusterIP：默认的类型，用于k8s内部之间的服务访问，即通过内部的service ip实现服务间的访问，service IP仅可以在内部访问，不能从外部访问。NodePort：在cluster IP的基础之上，通过在每个node节点监听一个可以指定宿主机端口(nodePor
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