人工智能专业英语——术语与概念

        UNIT 1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

                AI, Artificial Intelligence 人工智能

                The Turing Test 图灵测试：The test is based on whether a computer can fool a

                human into believing it is another human. 

                这项测试是基于计算机是否能够欺骗人类，使其相信它是另一个人类。

                benchmark 基准

                The benefits and risks of AI  

                narrow AI 狭义人工智能（弱人工智能）

                general AI (AGI or strong AI) 通用人工智能（强人工智能）

                side effect 副作用

                malevolence / competence恶意/能力

        Unit 2 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning 知识的表示与推理

                Perception 感知

                warehouse of knowledge 知识仓库

                declarative and procedural forms 声明性和程序性形式

                spectrum 范围

                semantic net 语义网

                contextual analysis 上下文分析

                implicitly/explicitly 隐式/显示

                retrieve  检索

                related information and relevant information 相关信息和有关信息

                knowledge extraction system 知识提取系统

                closed-world assumption 封闭世界假设

                open-world assumption 开放世界假设

                derived from  来自

                meta-reasoning 元推理

                intelligent agent 智能代理/体

                learning by imitation  模仿学习

                supervised learning 监督学习

                unsupervised learning 无监督学习

                training set 训练集

                learning by reinforcement 强化学习

                trial and error 试错

                rely heavily on 严重依赖于

                data mining agent 数据挖掘代理

                conservation of momentum 动量守恒

                infrared spectral 红外光谱

        UNIT 3 Reasoning with Uncertainty

                knowledge representation and reasoning 知识表示与推理

                truth value 真值

                semantic explanation 语义解释

                formal language 形式语言

                a set of inference rules 一组推理规则

                memory-control mechanism 内存控制机制

                monotonic 单调

                axiom 公理

                theorem 定理

                plausible reasoning 合情推理

                non-monotonic logics 非单调逻辑

                commonsense reasoning 常识推理

                consistency 一致性

                the relevant conclusion 相关推论

                knowledge base 知识库

                truth maintenance system 真值维护系统

                Bayes' Theorem 贝叶斯定理 

                fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑

                imprecision 不精确

                a degree of membership 隶属度

                general-purpose 多用途的

                uncertainty reasoning 不确定性推理

                probabilistic reasoning 概率推理

                prepositional logic 命题逻辑

                conditional probabilities 条件概率

                strength of dependency 依赖强度

                directed acyclic graph 有向无向图

                Bayesian Network 贝叶斯网络

                贝叶斯网络是有向无环图，其中节点表示关注变量，链接表示变量之间的信息或因果

                相关性。依赖的强度由条件概率表示。与其他概率推理方法相比，贝叶斯网络（图3-1）

                效率更高，尽管对于复杂问题，其实际计算成本仍然很高。

                prior probability 先验概率

                the posterior probability 后验概率

                rule-based systems 规则库系统

        UNIT 4 Search Method in Artificial Intelligent

                uninformed search 无信息搜索

                breadth-first search 广度优先搜索

                heuristic rating启发式评级

                search tree 搜索树

                heuristic Search 启发式搜索

                search space 搜寻空间

                cost estimate function 成本估算函数

        UNIT 5 Machine Learning

                candidate solutions 候选解

                potential solutions 期望解

                non-deterministic 非确定的

                Recombination 重组

                Crossover 交叉

                individuals 个人

                Mutation 突变

                fitness function 适应度函数

                evolutionary algorithm 进化算法

                population of individuals 群体

                cost estimate function 成本估算函数

                a traversal of the entire search space 整个搜索空间的遍历

                depth-first and breadth- first search 深度优先和广度优先探索

                k-means clustering k均值聚类

                linear regression algorithm 线性回归算法

                decision tree 决策树

        UNIT 6 Artificial Neural Networks

                Nonlinear activation function 非线性激活函数

                Feedforward neural network 前馈神经网络

                threshold value 阈值

                the activities within a neuron 神经元内的活动

                weighted sum 加权总和

                hidden layers 隐藏层

                nearest-neighbor approach 最近邻法

                cross-validation交叉验证

                down-sampling下采样

                affine transformation 仿射变换

        UNIT 7 Deep Learning

                LSTM 长短期记忆网络Long Short-Term Memory

                Multilayer perceptron 多层感知器

                Convolutional neural networks, CNN 卷积神经网络

                RNN 循环神经网络Recurrent Neural Network

                Graph neural network 图神经网络

                max pooling 最大池化

                average pooling 平均池化

                fully connected layer 全链接层

                convolutional layer 卷积层

                receptive field 感受野

                Feedforward neural network 前馈神经网络

                Deep Learning，Machine Learning and AI 深度学习，机器学习，人工智能

                object detection 对象检测

        UNIT 8 Reinforcement Learning

                reinforcement learning 强化学习

                Markov decision process 马尔可夫决策过程

                AlphaGo Zero阿尔法元

                 Artificial General Intelligence/AGI 通用人工智能

                Iteration 迭代

                more prevalent and sophisticated 更加普遍和复杂

                without being explicitly "taught" 没有明确地教导

                deep reinforcement learning 深度强化学习

                hidden patterns 隐藏的模式

                Overestimate 高估

                venture into 冒险进入

        UNIT 9 Computer Vision

                computer vision 计算机视觉

                edge detection 边缘探测

                temporal information 时间信息

                SVM支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）

                lateral control 横向控制

                steering-control system 转向控制系统

                longitudinal control 纵向控制

                optical flow 光流

                binocular stereopsis 双目立体视觉

                IMU Inertial Motion Unit 惯性运动单元

                Kalman filtering 卡尔曼滤波

                visual odometry 视觉里程计

                accuracies on the order of centimete 厘米级精度

                errors accumulating over time 错误随时间积累

        UNIT 10 Natural Language Processing

                NLP 自然语言处理Natural Language Processing

                Backus-Naur Form/巴科斯范式

                Chomsky ’s Linguistics 乔姆斯基语言学

                CS Code Segment 代码段首址寄存器

                sentiment analysis 情感分析

                speech recognition 语音识别

                syntactic analysis/syntax analysis/semantic analysis/pragmatic analysis

                句法分析/句法分析/语义分析/语用分析

                Syntax 句法

                parse/parser/parse tree 解析/解析器/解析树

                predicate logic 谓词逻辑

                Ambiguities模棱两可

                information extraction信息提取

                information retrieval信息检索

                statistical techniques 统计技术