11

    /**
     * Searches the specified list for the specified object using the binary
     * search algorithm.  The list must be sorted into ascending order
     * according to the {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} of its
     * elements (as by the {@link #sort(List)} method) prior to making this
     * call.  If it is not sorted, the results are undefined.  If the list
     * contains multiple elements equal to the specified object, there is no
     * guarantee which one will be found.
     *
     * <p>This method runs in log(n) time for a "random access" list (which
     * provides near-constant-time positional access).  If the specified list
     * does not implement the {@link RandomAccess} interface and is large,
     * this method will do an iterator-based binary search that performs
     * O(n) link traversals and O(log n) element comparisons.
     *
     * @param  list the list to be searched.
     * @param  key the key to be searched for.
     * @return the index of the search key, if it is contained in the list;
     *	       otherwise, <tt>(-(<i>insertion point</i>) - 1)</tt>.  The
     *	       <i>insertion point</i> is defined as the point at which the
     *	       key would be inserted into the list: the index of the first
     *	       element greater than the key, or <tt>list.size()</tt> if all
     *	       elements in the list are less than the specified key.  Note
     *	       that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if
     *	       and only if the key is found.
     * @throws ClassCastException if the list contains elements that are not
     *	       <i>mutually comparable</i> (for example, strings and
     *	       integers), or the search key is not mutually comparable
     *	       with the elements of the list.
     */
    public static <T>
    int binarySearch(List<? extends Comparable<? super T>> list, T key) {
        if (list instanceof RandomAccess || list.size()<BINARYSEARCH_THRESHOLD)
            return Collections.indexedBinarySearch(list, key);
        else
            return Collections.iteratorBinarySearch(list, key);
    }

    private static <T>
    int indexedBinarySearch(List<? extends Comparable<? super T>> list, T key)
    {
	int low = 0;
	int high = list.size()-1;

	while (low <= high) {
	    int mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
	    Comparable<? super T> midVal = list.get(mid);
	    int cmp = midVal.compareTo(key);

	    if (cmp < 0)
		low = mid + 1;
	    else if (cmp > 0)
		high = mid - 1;
	    else
		return mid; // key found
	}
	return -(low + 1);  // key not found
    }

    private static <T>
    int iteratorBinarySearch(List<? extends Comparable<? super T>> list, T key)
    {
	int low = 0;
	int high = list.size()-1;
        ListIterator<? extends Comparable<? super T>> i = list.listIterator();

        while (low <= high) {
            int mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
            Comparable<? super T> midVal = get(i, mid);
            int cmp = midVal.compareTo(key);

            if (cmp < 0)
                low = mid + 1;
            else if (cmp > 0)
                high = mid - 1;
            else
                return mid; // key found
        }
        return -(low + 1);  // key not found
    }

    /**
     * Gets the ith element from the given list by repositioning the specified
     * list listIterator.
     */
    private static <T> T get(ListIterator<? extends T> i, int index) {
	T obj = null;
        int pos = i.nextIndex();
        if (pos <= index) {
            do {
                obj = i.next();
            } while (pos++ < index);
        } else {
            do {
                obj = i.previous();
            } while (--pos > index);
        }
        return obj;
    }

    /**
     * Searches the specified list for the specified object using the binary
     * search algorithm.  The list must be sorted into ascending order
     * according to the specified comparator (as by the
     * {@link #sort(List, Comparator) sort(List, Comparator)}
     * method), prior to making this call.  If it is
     * not sorted, the results are undefined.  If the list contains multiple
     * elements equal to the specified object, there is no guarantee which one
     * will be found.
     *
     * <p>This method runs in log(n) time for a "random access" list (which
     * provides near-constant-time positional access).  If the specified list
     * does not implement the {@link RandomAccess} interface and is large,
     * this method will do an iterator-based binary search that performs
     * O(n) link traversals and O(log n) element comparisons.
     *
     * @param  list the list to be searched.
     * @param  key the key to be searched for.
     * @param  c the comparator by which the list is ordered.
     *         A <tt>null</tt> value indicates that the elements'
     *	       {@linkplain Comparable natural ordering} should be used.
     * @return the index of the search key, if it is contained in the list;
     *	       otherwise, <tt>(-(<i>insertion point</i>) - 1)</tt>.  The
     *	       <i>insertion point</i> is defined as the point at which the
     *	       key would be inserted into the list: the index of the first
     *	       element greater than the key, or <tt>list.size()</tt> if all
     *	       elements in the list are less than the specified key.  Note
     *	       that this guarantees that the return value will be >= 0 if
     *	       and only if the key is found.
     * @throws ClassCastException if the list contains elements that are not
     *	       <i>mutually comparable</i> using the specified comparator,
     *	       or the search key is not mutually comparable with the
     *	       elements of the list using this comparator.
     */
    public static <T> int binarySearch(List<? extends T> list, T key, Comparator<? super T> c) {
        if (c==null)
            return binarySearch((List) list, key);

        if (list instanceof RandomAccess || list.size()<BINARYSEARCH_THRESHOLD)
            return Collections.indexedBinarySearch(list, key, c);
        else
            return Collections.iteratorBinarySearch(list, key, c);
    }

    private static <T> int indexedBinarySearch(List<? extends T> l, T key, Comparator<? super T> c) {
	int low = 0;
	int high = l.size()-1;

	while (low <= high) {
	    int mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
	    T midVal = l.get(mid);
	    int cmp = c.compare(midVal, key);

	    if (cmp < 0)
		low = mid + 1;
	    else if (cmp > 0)
		high = mid - 1;
	    else
		return mid; // key found
	}
	return -(low + 1);  // key not found
    }

    private static <T> int iteratorBinarySearch(List<? extends T> l, T key, Comparator<? super T> c) {
	int low = 0;
	int high = l.size()-1;
        ListIterator<? extends T> i = l.listIterator();

        while (low <= high) {
            int mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
            T midVal = get(i, mid);
            int cmp = c.compare(midVal, key);

            if (cmp < 0)
                low = mid + 1;
            else if (cmp > 0)
                high = mid - 1;
            else
                return mid; // key found
        }
        return -(low + 1);  // key not found
    }