C++数据结构第40课、字符串类的创建（下）

• 字符串类的常用成员函数

• 重载数组访问操作符 [ ]

char& operator [] (int i); 
char operator [] (int i) const; 

注意事项：当 i 的取值不合法时，抛出异常，合法的范围是 (0 <= i) && (i < m_length)

char& operator [](int i);
char operator [](int i)const;

char& String::operator [](int i)
{
    if(i >= 0 && i < m_length)
    {
        return m_str[i];
    }
    else
    {
        THROW_EXCEPTION(IndexOutOfBoundsException, "Parameter i is invalid");
    }
}

char String::operator [](int i)const
{
    return (const_cast<String&>(*this))[i];
}

#include <iostream>
#include "XiebsString.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace XiebsLib;

int main()
{
    String s = "xiebs";

    for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
    {
        cout << s[i] << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

• 判断是否以指定字符串开始或结束

bool equal(const char* l, const char* r, int len)const;

bool startWith(const char* s) const;
bool startWith(const String& s) const; 
bool endOf(const char* s) const;
bool endOf(const String& s) const; 

bool String::equal(const char* l, const char* r, int len)const
{
    bool ret = true;
    for(int i = 0; i < len && ret; i++)
    {
        ret = ret && (l[i] == r[i]);
    }
    return ret;
}

bool String::startWith(const char* s)const
{
    bool ret = (s != nullptr);
    if(ret)
    {
        int len = strlen(s);
        ret = (len < m_length) && equal(m_str, s, len);
    }
    return ret;
}

bool String::startWith(const String& s)const
{
    return startWith(s.m_str);
}

bool String::endOf(const char* s)const
{
    bool ret = (s != nullptr);
    if(ret)
    {
        int len = strlen(s);
        char* str = m_str + (m_length - len);
        ret = (len < m_length) && equal(str, s, len);
    }
    return ret;
}

bool String::endOf(const String& s)const
{
    return endOf(s.m_str);
}

#include <iostream>
#include "XiebsString.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace XiebsLib;

int main()
{
    String s = "hello world";

    cout << s.startWith("he") << endl;
    cout << s.endOf("world") << endl;
    return 0;
}

• 在指定位置处插入字符串

String& insert(int i, const char* s); 
String& insert(int i, const String& s); 

String& insert(int i, const char* s);
String& insert(int i, const String& s);

String& String::insert(int i, const char* s)
{
    if(i >= 0 && i <= m_length)
    {
        if(s != nullptr && s[0] != '\0')
        {
            int len = strlen(s);
            char* str = reinterpret_cast<char*>(malloc(m_length + len + 1));
            if(str)
            {
                strncpy(str, m_str, i);
                strncpy(str + i, s, len);
                strncpy(str + i + len, m_str + i, m_length - i);

                str[m_length + len] = '\0';

                free(m_str);
                m_str = str;
                m_length = m_length + len;
            }
            else
            {
                THROW_EXCEPTION(NoEnoughMemoryException, "no memory to assign new string value...");
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        THROW_EXCEPTION(IndexOutOfBoundsException, "Parameter i is invalid");
    }
    return *this;
}

String& String::insert(int i, const String& s)
{
    return insert(i, s.m_str);
}

#include <iostream>
#include "XiebsString.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace XiebsLib;

int main()
{
    String s = "";

    s.insert(0, "xiebs");
    s.insert(5, " nb");

    cout << s.str() << endl;
    return 0;
}

• 去掉字符串两端的空白字符：

String& trim(); 

String& trim();

String& String::trim()
{
    int b = 0;
    int e = m_length-1;

    while (m_str[b] == ' ') b++;
    while (m_str[e] == ' ') e--;

    if(b == 0)
    {
        m_str[e + 1] = '\0';

        m_length = e + 1;
    }
    else
    {
        for(int i=0, j=b; j<=e; i++, j++)
        {
            m_str[i] = m_str[j];
        }

        m_str[e - b + 1] = '\0';

        m_length = e - b + 1;
    }
    return *this;
}

#include <iostream>
#include "XiebsString.h"

using namespace std;
using namespace XiebsLib;

int main()
{
    String s = "  abc  ";

    cout << s.trim().str() << endl;

    if( s.trim().insert(0, "hello,").endOf("abc") && s.startWith("hello") )
    {
        cout << "[" << s.trim().str() << "]" << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}