Linux驱动开发之Poll设备驱动

1、驱动源代码

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>

#define GLOBALFIFO_SIZE 0x1000 /*全局fifo最大4K字节*/
#define FIFO_CLEAR 0x1          /*清0全局内存的长度*/
#define GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR 250    /*预设的globalfifo的主设备号*/

static int globalfifo_major = GLOBALFIFO_MAJOR;
module_param(globalfifo_major, int, S_IRUGO);

/*globalfifo设备结构体*/
struct globalfifo_dev                                     
{                                                        
struct cdev cdev; /*cdev结构体*/                       
unsigned int current_len;    /*fifo有效数据长度*/
unsigned char mem[GLOBALFIFO_SIZE]; /*全局内存*/        
struct semaphore sem; /*并发控制用的信号量*/           
wait_queue_head_t r_wait; /*阻塞读用的等待队列头*/     
wait_queue_head_t w_wait; /*阻塞写用的等待队列头*/     
};

struct globalfifo_dev *globalfifo_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/

/*文件打开函数*/
int globalfifo_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
/*将设备结构体指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/
filp->private_data = globalfifo_devp;
return 0;
}

/*文件释放函数*/
int globalfifo_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
return 0;
}


/* ioctl设备控制函数 */
static int globalfifo_ioctl(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data;/*获得设备结构体指针*/

switch (cmd)
{
case FIFO_CLEAR:
down(&dev->sem); //获得信号量    
dev->current_len = 0;
memset(dev->mem,0,GLOBALFIFO_SIZE);
up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量
printk(KERN_INFO "globalfifo is set to zero\n");      
break;
default:
return  - EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}


static unsigned int globalfifo_poll(struct file *filp, poll_table *wait)
{
unsigned int mask = 0;
struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/

down(&dev->sem);  //获得信号量
poll_wait(filp, &dev->r_wait, wait); //把读等待队列添加到poll_table
poll_wait(filp, &dev->w_wait, wait);  //把写等待队列添加到poll_table
/*fifo非空*/
if (dev->current_len != 0)
{
mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM; /*标示数据可获得*/
}
/*fifo非满*/
if (dev->current_len != GLOBALFIFO_SIZE)
{
mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM; /*标示数据可写入*/
}

up(&dev->sem);//释放信号量
return mask;
}

/*globalfifo读函数*/
static ssize_t globalfifo_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
int ret;
struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; //获得设备结构体指针
DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current); //定义等待队列
down(&dev->sem); //获得信号量
add_wait_queue(&dev->r_wait, &wait); //wait进入读等待队列头

/* 等待FIFO非空 */
if (dev->current_len == 0)//为什么不用wait_event_interruptible(queue,condition)实现阻塞--信号量的问题
         
{
if (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)  //判断是否是非阻塞的读
{
ret =  - EAGAIN;
goto out;
} 

__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); //改变进程状态为睡眠
up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量
schedule(); //调度其他进程执行
if (signal_pending(current)) //如果是因为信号唤醒
{
ret =  - ERESTARTSYS;
goto out2;
}
down(&dev->sem);  //获得信号量
}

/* 拷贝到用户空间 */
if (count > dev->current_len)
count = dev->current_len;
if (copy_to_user(buf, dev->mem, count))
{
ret =  - EFAULT;
goto out;
}
else
{
memcpy(dev->mem, dev->mem + count, dev->current_len - count); //fifo数据前移
dev->current_len -= count; //有效数据长度减少
printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s),current_len:%d\n", count, dev->current_len);
wake_up_interruptible(&dev->w_wait); //唤醒写等待队列
ret = count;
}
out: 
up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量
out2:
remove_wait_queue(&dev->r_wait, &wait); //从附属的等待队列头移除
set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
return ret;
}

/*globalfifo写操作*/
static ssize_t globalfifo_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
struct globalfifo_dev *dev = filp->private_data; //获得设备结构体指针
int ret;

DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current); //定义等待队列
down(&dev->sem); //获取信号量
add_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait); //wait进入写等待队列头

/* 等待FIFO非满 */
if (dev->current_len == GLOBALFIFO_SIZE)
{
if (filp->f_flags &O_NONBLOCK) //如果是非阻塞访问
{
ret =  - EAGAIN;
goto out;
} 
__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); //改变进程状态为睡眠
up(&dev->sem);
schedule(); //调度其他进程执行
if (signal_pending(current)) //如果是因为信号唤醒
{
ret =  - ERESTARTSYS;
goto out2;
}
down(&dev->sem); //获得信号量
}
/*从用户空间拷贝到内核空间*/
if (count > GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len)
count = GLOBALFIFO_SIZE - dev->current_len;
if (copy_from_user(dev->mem + dev->current_len, buf, count))
{
ret =  - EFAULT;
goto out;
}
else
{
dev->current_len += count;
printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s),current_len:%d\n", count, dev->current_len);
wake_up_interruptible(&dev->r_wait); //唤醒读等待队列
ret = count;
}


out: 
up(&dev->sem); //释放信号量
out2:
remove_wait_queue(&dev->w_wait, &wait); //从附属的等待队列头移除
set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
return ret;
}

/*文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations globalfifo_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = globalfifo_read,
.write = globalfifo_write,
.ioctl = globalfifo_ioctl,
.poll = globalfifo_poll,
.open = globalfifo_open,
.release = globalfifo_release,
};


/*初始化并注册cdev*/
static void globalfifo_setup_cdev(struct globalfifo_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err, devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, index);
cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalfifo_fops);  //初始化cdev
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
dev->cdev.ops = &globalfifo_fops;
err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1); //注册cdev
if (err)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding LED%d", err, index);
}


/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/
int globalfifo_init(void)
{
int ret;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0);

/* 申请设备号*/
if (globalfifo_major)
ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "globalfifo");
else  /* 动态申请设备号 */
{
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "globalfifo");
globalfifo_major = MAJOR(devno);
}

if (ret < 0)
return ret;
/* 动态申请设备结构体的内存*/
globalfifo_devp = kmalloc(sizeof(struct globalfifo_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!globalfifo_devp)    /*申请失败*/
{
ret =  - ENOMEM;
goto fail_malloc;
}

memset(globalfifo_devp, 0, sizeof(struct globalfifo_dev));
globalfifo_setup_cdev(globalfifo_devp, 0);
init_MUTEX(&globalfifo_devp->sem);   /*初始化信号量*/
init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->r_wait); /*初始化读等待队列头*/
init_waitqueue_head(&globalfifo_devp->w_wait); /*初始化写等待队列头*/
return 0;
fail_malloc: 
unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
return ret;
}

/*模块卸载函数*/
void globalfifo_exit(void)
{
cdev_del(&globalfifo_devp->cdev);   /*注销cdev*/
kfree(globalfifo_devp);     /*释放设备结构体内存*/
unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalfifo_major, 0), 1); /*释放设备号*/
}

MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
module_init(globalfifo_init);

module_exit(globalfifo_exit);

2、应用程序

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#define FIFO_CLEAR 0x1
#define BUFFER_LEN 20
int main()
{
int fd, num;
char rd_ch[BUFFER_LEN];
fd_set rfds,wfds;

/*以非阻塞方式打开/dev/globalmem设备文件*/
fd = open("/dev/globalfifo", O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
if (fd !=  - 1)
{
/*FIFO清0*/
if (ioctl(fd, FIFO_CLEAR, 0) < 0)
{
printf("ioctl command failed\n");
}
while (1)
{
FD_ZERO(&rfds);//清空读文件描述符集
FD_ZERO(&wfds);//清空写文件描述符集
FD_SET(fd, &rfds);//把读的文件描述符添加到读文件描述符集中
FD_SET(fd, &wfds);//把写的文件描述符添加到写文件描述符集中


select(fd + 1, &rfds, &wfds, NULL, NULL);
/*数据可获得*/
if (FD_ISSET(fd, &rfds))  
{
printf("Poll monitor:can be read\n");
}
/*数据可写入*/
if (FD_ISSET(fd, &wfds))
{
printf("Poll monitor:can be written\n");
}      
}
}
else
{
printf("Device open failure\n");
}
}