import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import math, copy, time
from torch.autograd import Variable
# import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn
seaborn.set_context(context="talk")
# import tkinter
# %matplotlib inline
class EncoderDecoder(nn.Module):
"""
A standard Encoder-Decoder architecture. Base for this and many
other models.
"""
def __init__(self, encoder, decoder, src_embed, tgt_embed, generator):
super(EncoderDecoder, self).__init__()
self.encoder = encoder
self.decoder = decoder
self.src_embed = src_embed
self.tgt_embed = tgt_embed
self.generator = generator
def forward(self, src, tgt, src_mask, tgt_mask):
"Take in and process masked src and target sequences."
return self.decode(self.encode(src, src_mask), src_mask,
tgt, tgt_mask)
def encode(self, src, src_mask):
return self.encoder(self.src_embed(src), src_mask)
def decode(self, memory, src_mask, tgt, tgt_mask):
return self.decoder(self.tgt_embed(tgt), memory, src_mask, tgt_mask)
class Generator(nn.Module):
"Define standard linear + softmax generation step."
def __init__(self, d_model, vocab):
super(Generator, self).__init__()
self.proj = nn.Linear(d_model, vocab)
def forward(self, x):
return F.log_softmax(self.proj(x), dim=-1)
# #####################################################################################
def clones(module, N):
"Produce N identical layers."
return nn.ModuleList([copy.deepcopy(module) for _ in range(N)])
class LayerNorm(nn.Module):
# "Construct a layernorm module (See citation for details)."
"""
We employ a residual connection (残差连接) around each of the two sub-layers,
followed by layer normalization(归一化),
即每个子层的输出为 LayerNorm(x + Sublayer(x)), 每个子层的输出上使用Dropout,
再将其添加到下一子层的输入并归一化
"""
def __init__(self, features, eps=1e-6):
super(LayerNorm, self).__init__()
self.a_2 = nn.Parameter(torch.ones(features))
self.b_2 = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(features))
self.eps = eps
def forward(self, x):
mean = x.mean(-1, keepdim=True)
std = x.std(-1, keepdim=True)
return self.a_2 * (x - mean) / (std + self.eps) + self.b_2
class Encoder(nn.Module):
"Core encoder is a stack of N layers"
# 此处N=6
def __init__(self, layer, N):
super(Encoder, self).__init__()
self.layers = clones(layer, N)
self.norm = LayerNorm(layer.size)
def forward(self, x, mask):
"Pass the input (and mask) through each layer in turn."
for layer in self.layers:
x = layer(x, mask)
return self.norm(x)
class SublayerConnection(nn.Module):
"""
A residual connection followed by a layer norm.
Note for code simplicity the norm is first as opposed to last.
为方便使用残差连接 模型中所有子层和embedding层的输出都设定了相同维度 dim=512
"""
def __init__(self, size, dropout):
super(SublayerConnection, self).__init__()
self.norm = LayerNorm(size)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
def forward(self, x, sublayer):
"Apply residual connection to any sublayer with the same size."
return x + self.dropout(sublayer(self.norm(x)))
class EncoderLayer(nn.Module):
# "Encoder is made up of self-attn and feed forward (defined below)"
"""
每层由两个子层组成 第一个子层实现多头自注意力 第二个子层是Position-wise的全连接前馈神经网络
"""
def __init__(self, size, self_attn, feed_forward, dropout):
super(EncoderLayer, self).__init__()
self.self_attn = self_attn
self.feed_forward = feed_forward
self.sublayer = clones(SublayerConnection(size, dropout), 2)
self.size = size
def forward(self, x, mask):
"Follow Figure 1 (left) for connections."
x = self.sublayer[0](x, lambda x: self.self_attn(x, x, x, mask))
return self.sublayer[1](x, self.feed_forward)
class Decoder(nn.Module):
# "Generic N layer decoder with masking."
# 此处N=6
def __init__(self, layer, N):
super(Decoder, self).__init__()
self.layers = clones(layer, N)
self.norm = LayerNorm(layer.size)
def forward(self, x, memory, src_mask, tgt_mask):
for layer in self.layers:
x = layer(x, memory, src_mask, tgt_mask)
return self.norm(x)
class DecoderLayer(nn.Module):
# "Decoder is made of self-attn, src-attn, and feed forward (defined below)"
"""
每层由三个子层组成 self-attn with mask, self-attn with encoder, feed forward
"""
def __init__(self, size, self_attn, src_attn, feed_forward, dropout):
super(DecoderLayer, self).__init__()
self.size = size
self.self_attn = self_attn
self.src_attn = src_attn
self.feed_forward = feed_forward
self.sublayer = clones(SublayerConnection(size, dropout), 3)
def forward(self, x, memory, src_mask, tgt_mask):
"Follow Figure 1 (right) for connections."
m = memory
x = self.sublayer[0](x, lambda x: self.self_attn(x, x, x, tgt_mask))
x = self.sublayer[1](x, lambda x: self.src_attn(x, m, m, src_mask))
return self.sublayer[2](x, self.feed_forward)
def subsequent_mask(size):
# "Mask out subsequent positions."
"""
修改解码器的self-attn子层以防止当前位置attend到后续位置 把后面不该看到的信息屏蔽掉
"""
attn_shape = (1, size, size)
subsequent_mask = np.triu(np.ones(attn_shape), k=1).astype('uint8')
return torch.from_numpy(subsequent_mask) == 0
# plt.figure(figsize=(5,5))
# plt.imshow(subsequent_mask(20)[0])
# None
# #######################################################################################
def attention(query, key, value, mask=None, dropout=None):
# "Compute 'Scaled Dot Product Attention'"
"""
将Q,K,V映射到输出 输出的是值的加权和 分配给每个V的权重由Q和对应K的点积再缩放 最后softmax得到
"""
d_k = query.size(-1)
scores = torch.matmul(query, key.transpose(-2, -1)) \
/ math.sqrt(d_k)
if mask is not None:
scores = scores.masked_fill(mask == 0, -1e9)
p_attn = F.softmax(scores, dim = -1)
if dropout is not None:
p_attn = dropout(p_attn)
return torch.matmul(p_attn, value), p_attn
class MultiHeadedAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, h, d_model, dropout=0.1):
# "Take in model size and number of heads."
"""
多头能让模型考虑到不同位置的attention 并在不同子空间表示不一样的关联关系
h=8个头并行的attention 对于每个头 d_k = d_v = d_model/h = 64
"""
super(MultiHeadedAttention, self).__init__()
assert d_model % h == 0
# We assume d_v always equals d_k
self.d_k = d_model // h
self.h = h
self.linears = clones(nn.Linear(d_model, d_model), 4)
self.attn = None
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p=dropout)
def forward(self, query, key, value, mask=None):
"Implements Figure 2"
if mask is not None:
# Same mask applied to all h heads.
mask = mask.unsqueeze(1)
nbatches = query.size(0)
# 1) Do all the linear projections in batch from d_model => h x d_k
query, key, value = \
[l(x).view(nbatches, -1, self.h, self.d_k).transpose(1, 2)
for l, x in zip(self.linears, (query, key, value))]
# 2) Apply attention on all the projected vectors in batch.
x, self.attn = attention(query, key, value, mask=mask,
dropout=self.dropout)
# 3) "Concat" using a view and apply a final linear.
x = x.transpose(1, 2).contiguous() \
.view(nbatches, -1, self.h * self.d_k)
return self.linears[-1](x)
# #######################################################################################
class PositionwiseFeedForward(nn.Module):
# "Implements FFN equation."
"""
全连接前馈神经网络 包括两个线性变换 使用Relu作为激活函数
FFN(x) = max(0, x*W_1+b_1) * W_2 + b_2
"""
def __init__(self, d_model, d_ff, dropout=0.1):
super(PositionwiseFeedForward, self).__init__()
self.w_1 = nn.Linear(d_model, d_ff)
self.w_2 = nn.Linear(d_ff, d_model)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
def forward(self, x):
return self.w_2(self.dropout(F.relu(self.w_1(x))))
# ########################################################################################
class Embeddings(nn.Module):
"""
token -> d_model维度的Embedding
lut(x): softmax将解码器输出转换为预测下一个token的概率(权重)
将权重乘以sqrt(d_model)
"""
def __init__(self, d_model, vocab):
super(Embeddings, self).__init__()
self.lut = nn.Embedding(vocab, d_model) # d_model = 64*h
self.d_model = d_model
def forward(self, x):
return self.lut(x) * math.sqrt(self.d_model)
# ########################################################################################
class PositionalEncoding(nn.Module):
# "Implement the PE function."
"""
加入token之间相对位置和绝对位置 即d_pos + d_emb 其中d_pos = d_emb = d_model
"""
def __init__(self, d_model, dropout, max_len=5000):
super(PositionalEncoding, self).__init__()
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p=dropout)
# Compute the positional encodings once in log space.
pe = torch.zeros(max_len, d_model)
position = torch.arange(0, max_len).unsqueeze(1)
div_term = torch.exp(torch.arange(0, d_model, 2) *
-(math.log(10000.0) / d_model))
pe[:, 0::2] = torch.sin(position * div_term)
pe[:, 1::2] = torch.cos(position * div_term)
pe = pe.unsqueeze(0)
self.register_buffer('pe', pe)
def forward(self, x):
"""
在embedding与位置编码的加和上使用了dropout(p=0.1)
"""
x = x + Variable(self.pe[:, :x.size(1)],
requires_grad=False)
return self.dropout(x)
# plt.figure(figsize=(15, 5))
# pe = PositionalEncoding(20, 0)
# y = pe.forward(Variable(torch.zeros(1, 100, 20)))
# plt.plot(np.arange(100), y[0, :, 4:8].data.numpy())
# plt.legend(["dim %d"%p for p in [4,5,6,7]])
# None
def make_model(src_vocab, tgt_vocab, N=6,
d_model=512, d_ff=2048, h=8, dropout=0.1):
# "Helper: Construct a model from hyperparameters."
"""
连接完整模型并设置超参
"""
c = copy.deepcopy
attn = MultiHeadedAttention(h, d_model)
ff = PositionwiseFeedForward(d_model, d_ff, dropout)
position = PositionalEncoding(d_model, dropout)
model = EncoderDecoder(
Encoder(EncoderLayer(d_model, c(attn), c(ff), dropout), N),
Decoder(DecoderLayer(d_model, c(attn), c(attn),
c(ff), dropout), N),
nn.Sequential(Embeddings(d_model, src_vocab), c(position)),
nn.Sequential(Embeddings(d_model, tgt_vocab), c(position)),
Generator(d_model, tgt_vocab))
# This was important from their code.
# Initialize parameters with Glorot / fan_avg.
for p in model.parameters():
if p.dim() > 1:
nn.init.xavier_uniform(p)
return model
# Small example model.
tmp_model = make_model(10, 10, 2)
None
"""
class Batch:
"Object for holding a batch of data with mask during training."
def __init__(self, src, trg=None, pad=0):
self.src = src
self.src_mask = (src != pad).unsqueeze(-2)
if trg is not None:
self.trg = trg[:, :-1]
self.trg_y = trg[:, 1:]
self.trg_mask = \
self.make_std_mask(self.trg, pad)
self.ntokens = (self.trg_y != pad).data.sum()
@staticmethod
def make_std_mask(tgt, pad):
"Create a mask to hide padding and future words."
tgt_mask = (tgt != pad).unsqueeze(-2)
tgt_mask = tgt_mask & Variable(
subsequent_mask(tgt.size(-1)).type_as(tgt_mask.data))
return tgt_mask
def run_epoch(data_iter, model, loss_compute):
"Standard Training and Logging Function"
start = time.time()
total_tokens = 0
total_loss = 0
tokens = 0
for i, batch in enumerate(data_iter):
out = model.forward(batch.src, batch.trg,
batch.src_mask, batch.trg_mask)
loss = loss_compute(out, batch.trg_y, batch.ntokens)
total_loss += loss
total_tokens += batch.ntokens
tokens += batch.ntokens
if i % 50 == 1:
elapsed = time.time() - start
print("Epoch Step: %d Loss: %f Tokens per Sec: %f" %
(i, loss / batch.ntokens, tokens / elapsed))
start = time.time()
tokens = 0
return total_loss / total_tokens
global max_src_in_batch, max_tgt_in_batch
def batch_size_fn(new, count, sofar):
"Keep augmenting batch and calculate total number of tokens + padding."
global max_src_in_batch, max_tgt_in_batch
if count == 1:
max_src_in_batch = 0
max_tgt_in_batch = 0
max_src_in_batch = max(max_src_in_batch, len(new.src))
max_tgt_in_batch = max(max_tgt_in_batch, len(new.trg) + 2)
src_elements = count * max_src_in_batch
tgt_elements = count * max_tgt_in_batch
return max(src_elements, tgt_elements)
class NoamOpt:
"Optim wrapper that implements rate."
def __init__(self, model_size, factor, warmup, optimizer):
self.optimizer = optimizer
self._step = 0
self.warmup = warmup
self.factor = factor
self.model_size = model_size
self._rate = 0
def step(self):
"Update parameters and rate"
self._step += 1
rate = self.rate()
for p in self.optimizer.param_groups:
p['lr'] = rate
self._rate = rate
self.optimizer.step()
def rate(self, step=None):
"Implement `lrate` above"
if step is None:
step = self._step
return self.factor * \
(self.model_size ** (-0.5) *
min(step ** (-0.5), step * self.warmup ** (-1.5)))
def get_std_opt(model):
return NoamOpt(model.src_embed[0].d_model, 2, 4000,
torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0, betas=(0.9, 0.98), eps=1e-9))
# Three settings of the lrate hyperparameters.
opts = [NoamOpt(512, 1, 4000, None),
NoamOpt(512, 1, 8000, None),
NoamOpt(256, 1, 4000, None)]
plt.plot(np.arange(1, 20000), [[opt.rate(i) for opt in opts] for i in range(1, 20000)])
plt.legend(["512:4000", "512:8000", "256:4000"])
None
class LabelSmoothing(nn.Module):
"Implement label smoothing."
def __init__(self, size, padding_idx, smoothing=0.0):
super(LabelSmoothing, self).__init__()
self.criterion = nn.KLDivLoss(size_average=False)
self.padding_idx = padding_idx
self.confidence = 1.0 - smoothing
self.smoothing = smoothing
self.size = size
self.true_dist = None
def forward(self, x, target):
assert x.size(1) == self.size
true_dist = x.data.clone()
true_dist.fill_(self.smoothing / (self.size - 2))
true_dist.scatter_(1, target.data.unsqueeze(1), self.confidence)
true_dist[:, self.padding_idx] = 0
mask = torch.nonzero(target.data == self.padding_idx)
if mask.dim() > 0:
true_dist.index_fill_(0, mask.squeeze(), 0.0)
self.true_dist = true_dist
return self.criterion(x, Variable(true_dist, requires_grad=False))
# Example of label smoothing.
crit = LabelSmoothing(5, 0, 0.4)
predict = torch.FloatTensor([[0, 0.2, 0.7, 0.1, 0],
[0, 0.2, 0.7, 0.1, 0],
[0, 0.2, 0.7, 0.1, 0]])
v = crit(Variable(predict.log()),
Variable(torch.LongTensor([2, 1, 0])))
# Show the target distributions expected by the system.
plt.imshow(crit.true_dist)
None
crit = LabelSmoothing(5, 0, 0.1)
def loss(x):
d = x + 3 * 1
predict = torch.FloatTensor([[0, x / d, 1 / d, 1 / d, 1 / d],
])
#print(predict)
return crit(Variable(predict.log()),
Variable(torch.LongTensor([1]))).data[0]
plt.plot(np.arange(1, 100), [loss(x) for x in range(1, 100)])
None
def data_gen(V, batch, nbatches):
"Generate random data for a src-tgt copy task."
for i in range(nbatches):
data = torch.from_numpy(np.random.randint(1, V, size=(batch, 10)))
data[:, 0] = 1
src = Variable(data, requires_grad=False)
tgt = Variable(data, requires_grad=False)
yield Batch(src, tgt, 0)
class SimpleLossCompute:
"A simple loss compute and train function."
def __init__(self, generator, criterion, opt=None):
self.generator = generator
self.criterion = criterion
self.opt = opt
def __call__(self, x, y, norm):
x = self.generator(x)
loss = self.criterion(x.contiguous().view(-1, x.size(-1)),
y.contiguous().view(-1)) / norm
loss.backward()
if self.opt is not None:
self.opt.step()
self.opt.optimizer.zero_grad()
return loss.data[0] * norm
# Train the simple copy task.
V = 11
criterion = LabelSmoothing(size=V, padding_idx=0, smoothing=0.0)
model = make_model(V, V, N=2)
model_opt = NoamOpt(model.src_embed[0].d_model, 1, 400,
torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0, betas=(0.9, 0.98), eps=1e-9))
for epoch in range(10):
model.train()
run_epoch(data_gen(V, 30, 20), model,
SimpleLossCompute(model.generator, criterion, model_opt))
model.eval()
print(run_epoch(data_gen(V, 30, 5), model,
SimpleLossCompute(model.generator, criterion, None)))
def greedy_decode(model, src, src_mask, max_len, start_symbol):
memory = model.encode(src, src_mask)
ys = torch.ones(1, 1).fill_(start_symbol).type_as(src.data)
for i in range(max_len - 1):
out = model.decode(memory, src_mask,
Variable(ys),
Variable(subsequent_mask(ys.size(1))
.type_as(src.data)))
prob = model.generator(out[:, -1])
_, next_word = torch.max(prob, dim=1)
next_word = next_word.data[0]
ys = torch.cat([ys,
torch.ones(1, 1).type_as(src.data).fill_(next_word)], dim=1)
return ys
model.eval()
src = Variable(torch.LongTensor([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]]))
src_mask = Variable(torch.ones(1, 1, 10))
print(greedy_decode(model, src, src_mask, max_len=10, start_symbol=1))
# For data loading.
from torchtext import data, datasets
if True:
import spacy
spacy_de = spacy.load('de')
spacy_en = spacy.load('en')
def tokenize_de(text):
return [tok.text for tok in spacy_de.tokenizer(text)]
def tokenize_en(text):
return [tok.text for tok in spacy_en.tokenizer(text)]
BOS_WORD = '<s>'
EOS_WORD = '</s>'
BLANK_WORD = "<blank>"
SRC = data.Field(tokenize=tokenize_de, pad_token=BLANK_WORD)
TGT = data.Field(tokenize=tokenize_en, init_token=BOS_WORD,
eos_token=EOS_WORD, pad_token=BLANK_WORD)
MAX_LEN = 100
train, val, test = datasets.IWSLT.splits(
exts=('.de', '.en'), fields=(SRC, TGT),
filter_pred=lambda x: len(vars(x)['src']) <= MAX_LEN and
len(vars(x)['trg']) <= MAX_LEN)
MIN_FREQ = 2
SRC.build_vocab(train.src, min_freq=MIN_FREQ)
TGT.build_vocab(train.trg, min_freq=MIN_FREQ)
"""