【C++学习】构造函数和析构函数顺序

总体说明：两个类X和Y，Y继承自X。

• 通过基类指针delete 派生类对象，只会调用基类的析构函数。派生类的析构函数不会调用。 这是一个比较容易写出bug的一个地方。通常做法是，如果基类包含虚函数，那么析构函数必须设置成虚函数。
• 其它情况，派生类析构函数会先调用，然后调用基类析构函数。
• 问题：如果对于任何场景，析构函数都写成虚函数，是否可行？

无虚函数

栈上对象

class X {
public:
    X() { cout << "X ctor" << endl; }
    ~X() { cout << "X dtor" << endl; }
};

class Y : public X {
public:
    Y() { cout << "Y ctor" << endl; }
    ~Y() { cout << "Y dtor" << endl; }
};


int main() 
{
    Y y;
    return 0;
}

X ctor
Y ctor
Y dtor
X dtor

堆上对象

class X {
public:
    X() { cout << "X ctor" << endl; }
    ~X() { cout << "X dtor" << endl; }
};

class Y : public X {
public:
    Y() { cout << "Y ctor" << endl; }
    ~Y() { cout << "Y dtor" << endl; }
};


int main() 
{
    Y *ptr = new Y();
    delete ptr;
    return 0;
}

X ctor
Y ctor
Y dtor
X dtor

有虚函数

析构函数不为虚

栈上对象

class X {
public:
    X() { cout << "X ctor" << endl; }
    ~X() { cout << "X dtor" << endl; }
    virtual void func() { cout << "virtual func in X" << endl; }
};

class Y : public X {
public:
    Y() { cout << "Y ctor" << endl; }
    ~Y() { cout << "Y dtor" << endl; }
    void func() override { cout << "virtual func in Y" << endl; }
};


int main() 
{
    Y y;
    return 0;
}

X ctor
Y ctor
Y dtor
X dtor

堆上对象

使用基类指针指向派生类

class X {
public:
    X() { cout << "X ctor" << endl; }
    ~X() { cout << "X dtor" << endl; }
    virtual void func() { cout << "virtual func in X" << endl; }
};

class Y : public X {
public:
    Y() { cout << "Y ctor" << endl; }
    ~Y() { cout << "Y dtor" << endl; }
    void func() override { cout << "virtual func in Y" << endl; }
};


int main() 
{
    X *ptr = new Y();
    delete ptr;
    return 0;
}

X ctor
Y ctor
X dtor

使用派生类指针指向派生类

class X {
public:
    X() { cout << "X ctor" << endl; }
    ~X() { cout << "X dtor" << endl; }
    virtual void func() { cout << "virtual func in X" << endl; }
};

class Y : public X {
public:
    Y() { cout << "Y ctor" << endl; }
    ~Y() { cout << "Y dtor" << endl; }
    void func() override { cout << "virtual func in Y" << endl; }
};


int main() 
{
    Y *ptr = new Y();
    delete ptr;
    return 0;
}

X ctor
Y ctor
Y dtor
X dtor

析构函数为虚

栈上对象

和析构函数不为虚的时候相同。

堆上对象

使用基类指针指向派生类

class X {
public:
    X() { cout << "X ctor" << endl; }
    virtual ~X() { cout << "X dtor" << endl; }
    virtual void func() { cout << "virtual func in X" << endl; }
};

class Y : public X {
public:
    Y() { cout << "Y ctor" << endl; }
    ~Y() override { cout << "Y dtor" << endl; }
    void func() override { cout << "virtual func in Y" << endl; }
};


int main() 
{
    X *ptr = new Y();
    delete ptr;
    return 0;
}

X ctor
Y ctor
Y dtor
X dtor

使用派生类指针指向派生类

class X {
public:
    X() { cout << "X ctor" << endl; }
    virtual ~X() { cout << "X dtor" << endl; }
    virtual void func() { cout << "virtual func in X" << endl; }
};

class Y : public X {
public:
    Y() { cout << "Y ctor" << endl; }
    ~Y() override { cout << "Y dtor" << endl; }
    void func() override { cout << "virtual func in Y" << endl; }
};


int main() 
{
    Y *ptr = new Y();
    delete ptr;
    return 0;
}

X ctor
Y ctor
Y dtor
X dtor