1: MySQL主从同步 、 主从同步模式

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NSD DBA2 DAY01

  1. 案例1:MySQL一主一从
  2. 案例2:配置主从从同步结构
  3. 配置半同步复制模式

1 案例1:MySQL一主一从

1.1 问题

  • 构建 主-->从 复制结构
  • 其中主机192.168.4.10作为主库
  • 主机192.168.4.20作为从库
  1.  

1.2 方案

使用2台RHEL 7虚拟机,如图-1所示。其中192.168.4.10是MySQL主服务器,负责提供同步源;另一台192.168.4.20作为MySQL从服务器,通过调取主服务器上的binlog日志,在本地重做对应的库、表,实现与主服务器的AB复制(同步)。

图-1

提前为两台MySQL服务器安装好MySQL-server、MySQL-Client软件包,并为数据库用户root修改密码;Linux客户机上则只需安装MySQL-Client软件包即可。

1.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:初始化现有库

为了在启用binlog日志及同步之前保持主、从库的一致性,建议进行初始化——备份主服务器上现有的库,然后导入到从服务器上。

当现有库、表都采用MyISAM引擎时,可执行离线备份、恢复,这样更有效率;否则,可通过mysqldump等工具来实现库的导出、导入。

1)备份MySQL Master(192.168.4.10)上现有的库

如果服务器已经启用binlog,建议对日志做一次重置,否则可忽略:

 
  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysql -u root -p
  2. Enter password:                                 //以数据库用户root登入
  3. .. ..
  4. mysql> RESET MASTER;                             //重置binlog日志
  5. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
  6. mysql> quit                                     //退出mysql> 环境
  7. Bye

以备份mysql库、sys库为例,导出操作如下:

 
  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p –all-databases > /root/mytest.sql
  2. Enter password:                                     //验证口令
  3. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# ls -lh /root/mytest.sql             //确认备份结果
  4. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 777172 4月 23 12:21 /root/mytest.sql

2)在MySQL Slave(192.168.4.20)上导入备份的库

先清理目标库,避免导入时冲突。主要是采用InnoDB引擎的库,授权库mysql多采用MyISAM引擎,可不做清理。

 
  1. [root@dbsvr2 ~]# mysql -u root -p
  2. Enter password:                                 //以数据库用户root登入
  3. .. ..
  4. mysql> DROP DATABASE test;                         //删除test库
  5. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
  6. mysql> quit                                     //退出mysql> 环境
  7. Bye

使用scp工具下载备份文件:

 
  1. [root@dbsvr2 ~]# scp /root/mytest.sql root@192.168.4.20:/
  2. root@dbsvr1's password:                         //验证对方系统用户root的口令
  3. mytest.sql 100% 759KB 759.0KB/s 00:00
  4. [root@dbsvr2 ~]# ls -lh mytest.sql             //确认下载结果
  5. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 759K 4月 23 12:22 /mytest.sql

执行导入操作:

 
  1. [root@dbsvr2 ~]# mysql -u root -p < /mytest.sql
  2. Enter password:                                 //验证口令

导入成功后,可重新登入 mysql> 环境,确认清理的目标库已恢复:

 
  1. mysql> show databases;
  2. +--------------------+
  3. | Database |
  4. +--------------------+
  5. | information_schema |
  6. | mysql |
  7. | performance_schema |
  8. | sys |                         
  9. +--------------------+
  10. 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

步骤二:配置MySQL Master(主服务器,192.168.4.10)

1)修改/etc/my.cnf配置,重新启动MySQL服务程序

指定服务器ID号、允许日志同步:

 
  1. [root@dbsvr1 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
  2. [mysqld]
  3. log_bin=dbsvr1-bin                     //启用binlog日志,并指定文件名前缀
  4. server_id = 10                         //指定服务器ID号
  5. ......

重启mysql服务:

 
  1. [root@dbsvr1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service

2)新建一个备份用户,授予复制权限

需要的权限为REPLICATION SLAVE,允许其从Slave服务器访问:

 
  1. mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replicater'@'192.168.4.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'pwd123';
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.09 sec)

3)检查Master服务器的同步状态

在已经初始化现有库的情况下,查看MASTER状态,记录下当前的日志文件名、偏移的位置(下面SLAVE发起复制时需要用到):

 
  1. mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS\G
  2. *************************** 1. row ***************************
  3. File: dbsvr1-bin.000001 //记住当前的日志文件名
  4. Position: 154 //记住当前的位置
  5. Binlog_Do_DB:
  6. Binlog_Ignore_DB:
  7. Executed_Gtid_Set:
  8. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

步骤三:配置MySQL Slave(从服务器,192.168.4.20)

1)修改/etc/my.cnf配置,重新启动MySQL服务程序

指定服务器ID号、允许日志同步:

 
  1. [root@dbsvr2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
  2. [mysqld]
  3. log_bin=dbsvr2-bin                     //启动SQL日志,并指定文件名前缀
  4. server_id = 20                         //指定服务器ID号,不要与Master的相同
  5. .. ..

在生产环境中,还可以根据需要设置更详细的同步选项。比如,指定当主、从网络中断时的重试超时时间(slave-net-timeout=60 )等,具体可参考MySQL手册。

配置完成后,重启mysql服务:

 
  1. [root@dbsvr2 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service

通过CHANGE MASTER语句指定MASTER服务器的IP地址、同步用户名/密码、起始日志文件、偏移位置(参考MASTER上的状态输出):

 
  1. mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.4.10',
  2. -> MASTER_USER='replicater',
  3. -> MASTER_PASSWORD='pwd123',
  4. -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='dbsvr1-bin.000002',     //对应Master的日志文件
  5. -> MASTER_LOG_POS=334;                         //对应Master的日志偏移位置
  6. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.12 sec)

然后执行START SLAVE(较早版本中为SLAVE START)启动复制:

 
  1. mysql> START SLAVE;                             //启动复制
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

注意:一旦启用SLAVE复制,当需要修改MASTER信息时,应先执行STOP SLAVE停止复制,然后重新修改、启动复制。

通过上述连接操作,MASTER服务器的设置信息自动存为master.info文件,以后每次MySQL服务程序时会自动调用并更新,无需重复设置。查看master.info文件的开头部分内容,可验证相关设置:

 
  1. [root@dbsvr2 ~]# ls -lh /var/lib/mysql/master.info
  2. -rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 132 4月 23 12:06 /var/lib/mysql/master.info
  3. [root@dbsvr2 ~]# head /var/lib/mysql/master.info
  4. 25
  5. dbsvr1-bin.000001
  6. 154
  7. 192.168.4.10
  8. replicater
  9. pwd123
  10. 3306
  11. 60
  12. 0

2)检查Slave服务器的同步状态

通过SHOW SLAVE STATUS语句可查看从服务器状态,确认其中的IO线程、SQL线程正常运行,才能成功同步:

 
  1. mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
  2. Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
  3. Master_Host: 192.168.4.1
  4. Master_User: replicater
  5. Master_Port: 3306
  6. Connect_Retry: 60
  7. Master_Log_File: dbsvr1-bin.000001
  8. Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
  9. Relay_Log_File: db2-relay-bin.000003
  10. Relay_Log_Pos: 321
  11. Relay_Master_Log_File: dbsvr1-bin.000001
  12. Slave_IO_Running: Yes //IO线程应该已运行
  13. Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //SQL线程应该已运行
  14. Replicate_Do_DB:
  15. Replicate_Ignore_DB:
  16. Replicate_Do_Table:
  17. Replicate_Ignore_Table:
  18. Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  19. Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
  20. Last_Errno: 0
  21. Last_Error:
  22. Skip_Counter: 0
  23. Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 154
  24. Relay_Log_Space: 2490
  25. Until_Condition: None
  26. Until_Log_File:
  27. Until_Log_Pos: 0
  28. Master_SSL_Allowed: No
  29. Master_SSL_CA_File:
  30. Master_SSL_CA_Path:
  31. Master_SSL_Cert:
  32. Master_SSL_Cipher:
  33. Master_SSL_Key:
  34. Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
  35. Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
  36. Last_IO_Errno: 0
  37. Last_IO_Error:
  38. Last_SQL_Errno: 0
  39. Last_SQL_Error:
  40. Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
  41. Master_Server_Id: 10
  42. Master_UUID: 2d4d8a11-27b7-11e7-ae78-52540055c180
  43. Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
  44. SQL_Delay: 0
  45. SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
  46. Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
  47. Master_Retry_Count: 86400
  48. Master_Bind:
  49. Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
  50. Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
  51. Master_SSL_Crl:
  52. Master_SSL_Crlpath:
  53. Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
  54. Executed_Gtid_Set:
  55. Auto_Position: 0
  56. Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
  57. Channel_Name:
  58. Master_TLS_Version:
  59. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

若START SLAVE直接报错失败,请检查CHANGE MASTER相关设置是否有误,纠正后再重试;若IO线程或SQL线程有一个为“No”,则应检查服务器的错误日志,分析并排除故障后重启主从复制。

步骤四:测试主从同步效果

1)在Master上操作数据库、表、表记录

新建newdb库、newtable表,随意插入几条表记录:

 
  1. mysql> CREATE DATABASE newdb;                         //新建库newdb
  2. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)
  3.  
  4. mysql> USE newdb;                                     //切换到newdb库
  5. Database changed
  6.  
  7. mysql> CREATE TABLE newtable(id int(4));             //新建newtable表
  8. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.46 sec)
  9.  
  10. mysql> INSERT INTO newtable VALUES(1234),(5678);     //插入2条表记录
  11. Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.24 sec)
  12. Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
  13. mysql> SELECT * FROM newtable;                         //确认表数据
  14. +------+
  15. | id |
  16. +------+
  17. | 1234 |
  18. | 5678 |
  19. +------+
  20. 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2)在Slave上确认自动同步的结果

直接切换到newdb库,并查询newtable表的记录,应该与Master上的一样,这才说明主从同步已经成功生效:

 
  1. mysql> USE newdb;                                     //直接切换到newdb库
  2. Reading table information for completion of table and column names
  3. You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
  4.  
  5. Database changed
  6.  
  7. mysql> SELECT * FROM newtable;                     //输出表记录
  8. +------+
  9. | id |
  10. +------+
  11. | 1234 |
  12. | 5678 |
  13. +------+
  14. 2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

3)在Master服务器上可查看Slave主机的信息

 
  1. mysql> SHOW SLAVE HOSTS;
  2. +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
  3. | Server_id | Host | Port | Master_id | Slave_UUID |
  4. +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
  5. | 2 | | 3306 | 10 | 512cf7c1-27c4-11e7-8f4b-5254007b030b |
  6. +-----------+------+------+-----------+--------------------------------------+
  7. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2 案例2:配置主从从同步结构

2.1 问题

  • 具体要求如下:
  • 配置主机192.168.4.51为主数据库服务器
  • 配置主机192.168.4.52为51主机的从库服务器
  • 配置主机192.168.4.53为52主机的从库服务器
  • 客户端连接主数据库服务器51主机创建的数据,连接52和53主机时,也可以访问到库、表、记录。
  1.  
  2.  

2.2 方案

使用3台RHEL 7虚拟机,如图-2所示。其中192.168.4.51是MySQL主服务器,负责提供同步源;另一台192.168.4.52作为192.168.4.51从服务器,最后一台192.168.4.53作为192.168.4.52从服务器,通过调取主服务器上的binlog日志,客户端访问主库51 时 创建库表记录 在52 和53 数据库服务器都可以看到

图-2

2.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:环境准备

为了在启用binlog日志及同步之前保持主、从库的一致性,主从同步未配置之前,要保证从库上要有主库上的数据,禁用selinux,关闭防火墙服务,保证物理连接正常

 
  1. [root@db51 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
  2. [root@db51 ~]# setenforce 0
  3. [root@db51 ~]# ping -c 2 192.168.4.51
  4. PING 192.168.4.51 (192.168.4.51) 56(84) bytes of data.
  5. 64 bytes from 192.168.4.51: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
  6. 64 bytes from 192.168.4.51: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
  7.  
  8. --- 192.168.4.51 ping statistics ---
  9. 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 999ms
  10. rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.059/0.061/0.063/0.002 ms
  11. [root@db51 ~]# ping -c 2 192.168.4.52
  12. PING 192.168.4.52 (192.168.4.52) 56(84) bytes of data.
  13. 64 bytes from 192.168.4.52: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.698 ms
  14. 64 bytes from 192.168.4.52: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.365 ms
  15.  
  16. --- 192.168.4.52 ping statistics ---
  17. 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms
  18. rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.365/0.531/0.698/0.168 ms

步骤二:配置主服务器192.168.4.51

1)对yaya用户进行授权

 
  1. [root@db51 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
  2. mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to yaya@"%" identified by "123456";
  3. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

2)启用binlog日志,修改/etc/my.cnf配置,重新启动MySQL服务程序

指定服务器ID号、允许日志同步:

 
  1. [root@db51 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
  2. [mysqld]
  3. log_bin=db51                     //启用binlog日志,并指定文件名前缀
  4. server_id=51                     //指定服务器ID号
  5. binlog-format="mixed" // 指定binlog日志格式

重启mysql服务:

 
  1. [root@db51 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

确保/var/lib/mysql下面有两个文件:

 
  1. [root@db51 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/db51.*
  2. /var/lib/mysql/db51.000001 /var/lib/mysql/db51.index

查看主服务正在使用的日志信息

查看主服务器状态,记录下当前的日志文件名、偏移的位置(下面SLAVE发起复制时需要用到):

 
  1. mysql> show master status;
  2. +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  3. | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
  4. +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  5. | db51.000002 | 437 | | | |
  6. +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  7. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

步骤三:配置从服务器192.168.4.52

1)在服务器192.168.4.52上对user53用户进行授权

 
  1. [root@db52 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456
  2. mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to user53@"192.168.4.53" identified by "654321";
  3. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

2)修改/etc/my.cnf配置,启用binlog日志,指定server_id 和 允许级联复制

 
  1. [root@db52 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
  2. [mysqld]
  3. server_id=52
  4. log-bin=db52
  5. binlog-format="mixed"
  6. log_slave_updates //允许级联复制

3)配置完成后,重启mysql服务:

 
  1. [root@db52 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

4)确保/var/lib/mysql下面有两个文件:

 
  1. [root@db52 ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/db52.*
  2. /var/lib/mysql/db52.000001 /var/lib/mysql/db52.index

5)查看正在使用的日志信息

 
  1. [root@db52 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
  2. mysql> show master status;
  3. +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  4. | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
  5. +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  6. | db52.000001 | 154 | | | |
  7. +-------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
  8. 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //查看日志文件名、偏移的位置

6)验证主库的授权用户

[root@db52 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.51 -uyaya -p123456

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 
  1. mysql> //验证成功

7)通过change master语句指定master服务器的IP地址、同步用户名/密码、起始日志文件、偏移位置(参考master上的状态输出):

[root@db52 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456

mysql> change master to

-> master_host="192.168.4.51",

-> master_user="yaya",

-> master_password="123456",

-> master_log_file="db51.000002",

-> master_log_pos=437;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.43 sec)

8)启动slave进程

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

9)查看进程状态信息,通过show slave status语句可查看从服务器状态,确认其中的IO线程、SQL线程正常运行,才能成功同步,IO线程和SQL线程必须是Yes

mysql> show slave status \G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.4.51

Master_User: yaya

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: db51.000002

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 437

Relay_Log_File: db52-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 315

Relay_Master_Log_File: db51.000002

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 437

Relay_Log_Space: 521

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 51

Master_UUID: 81a13101-aa66-11e8-ad11-525400019e62

Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

Channel_Name:

Master_TLS_Version:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

步骤四:配置从服务器192.168.4.53

1)验证主库的授权用户

 
  1. [root@db53 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.52 -uuser53 -p654321
  2. mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
  3. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  4. Your MySQL connection id is 7
  5. Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  6.  
  7. Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  8.  
  9. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
  10. affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
  11. owners.
  12.  
  13. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  14.  
  15. mysql> //验证成功

2)指定server_id

 
  1. [mysqld]
  2. validate_password_policy=0
  3. validate_password_length=6
  4. server_id=53

3)重新启动服务

 
  1. [root@db53 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

4)管理员登录指定主库信息

 
  1. [root@db53 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
  2. mysql> change master to
  3. -> master_host="192.168.4.52",
  4. -> master_user="user53",
  5. -> master_password="654321",
  6. -> master_log_file=" db52.000001",
  7. -> master_log_pos=154;
  8. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.37 sec)

5)启动slave进程

 
  1. mysql> start slave;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

6)查看进程状态信息

 
  1. mysql> show slave status\G
  2. *************************** 1. row ***************************
  3. Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
  4. Master_Host: 192.168.4.52
  5. Master_User: user53
  6. Master_Port: 3306
  7. Connect_Retry: 60
  8. Master_Log_File: db52.000001
  9. Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154
  10. Relay_Log_File: db53-relay-bin.000003
  11. Relay_Log_Pos: 315
  12. Relay_Master_Log_File: db52.000001
  13. Slave_IO_Running: Yes
  14. Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

步骤五:客户端验证配置

1)在主服务器上在主库上授权访问gamedb库的用户

 
  1. [root@db51 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
  2. mysql> grant all on gamedb.* to dada@"%" identified by "123456";
  3. Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

2)客户端使用授权用户连接主库,建库、表、插入记录

 
  1. [root@room9pc01 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.51 -udada -p123456
  2. Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  3. Your MySQL connection id is 7
  4. Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  5.  
  6. Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
  7.  
  8. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  9.  
  10. MySQL [(none)]> //验证成功
  11. MySQL [(none)]> create database gamedb; //创建测试库
  12. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
  13. MySQL [(none)]> create table gamedb.t1(id int); //在gamedb下创建t1表
  14. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
  15. MySQL [(none)]> insert into gamedb.t1 values(8888); //在t1表中插入数值
  16. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.22 sec)

3)客户端使用授权用户连接2台从库时,也可以看到主库上新的库表记录

 
  1. [root@room9pc01 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.52 -udada -p123456 //验证52主机的状态
  2. Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  3. Your MySQL connection id is 10
  4. Server version: 5.7.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  5.  
  6. Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
  7.  
  8. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  9. MySQL [(none)]> select * from gamedb.t1; //查询插入的表格
  10. +------+
  11. | id |
  12. +------+
  13. | 8888 |
  14. +------+
  15. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
  16. MySQL [(none)]> exit
  17. [root@room9pc01 ~]# mysql -h192.168.4.53 -udada -p123456 //验证53主机的状态
  18. Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
  19. Your MySQL connection id is 6
  20. Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
  21.  
  22. Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
  23.  
  24. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  25.  
  26. MySQL [(none)]> select * from gamedb.t1;
  27. +------+
  28. | id |
  29. +------+
  30. | 8888 |
  31. +------+
  32. 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3 配置半同步复制模式

3.1 问题

  • 开启案例1 主库192.168.4.51 半同步复制模式
  • 开启案例1 从库192.168.4.52 半同步复制模式
  • 开启案例1 从库192.168.4.53 半同步复制模式
  • 查看半同步复制模式是否开启

3.2 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:查看是否允许动态加载模块,

1)查看是否允许动态加载模块默认允许

 
  1. mysql> show variables like 'have_dynamic_loading';
  2. +----------------------+-------+
  3. | Variable_name | Value |
  4. +----------------------+-------+
  5. | have_dynamic_loading | YES |
  6. +----------------------+-------+
  7. 1 row in set (0.01 sec)

2)命令行加载插件,用户需有SUPER权限

主库上面操作:

 
  1. mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_master SONAME 'semisync_master.so';

从库上面操作:

 
  1. mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN rpl_semi_sync_slave SONAME 'semisync_slave.so';

查看系统库下的表,模块是否安装成功:

 
  1. mysql> SELECT PLUGIN_NAME, PLUGIN_STATUS FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS WHERE PLUGIN_NAME LIKE '%semi%';
  2. +----------------------+---------------+
  3. | PLUGIN_NAME | PLUGIN_STATUS |
  4. +----------------------+---------------+
  5. | rpl_semi_sync_master | ACTIVE |
  6. | rpl_semi_sync_slave | ACTIVE |
  7. +----------------------+---------------+
  8. 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3)启用半同步复制,在安装完插件后,半同步复制默认是关闭的

主库上面执行:

 
  1. mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

从库上面执行:

 
  1. mysql> SET GLOBAL rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

查看半同步复制模式是否启用:

 
  1. mysql> show variables like "rpl_semi_sync_%_enabled";
  2. +------------------------------+-------+
  3. | Variable_name | Value |
  4. +------------------------------+-------+
  5. | rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled | ON |
  6. | rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | ON |
  7. +------------------------------+-------+
  8. 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4)永久启用半同步复制

主库配置

 
  1. [root@master51 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
  2. [mysqld]
  3. plugin-load=rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so
  4. rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1

从库配置

 
  1. [root@slave52 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
  2. [mysqld]
  3. plugin-load=rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so
  4. rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1

在高可用架构下,master和slave需同时启动,以便在切换后能继续使用半同步复制

 
  1. [root@master51 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
  2. [mysqld]
  3. plugin-load \
  4. ="rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
  5. rpl-semi-sync-master-enabled = 1
  6. rpl-semi-sync-slave-enabled = 1
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