【第八章】C++ Primer plus 的编程练习题(选取部分)

/***********************************
	2017年10月24日15:56:55
	Athor：xiyuan255
	Course：C++
	Contain：review8.cpp
	Reference: C++ Primer plus
	说明：C++ Primer plus第八章的练习题(选取部分)
		 【 P298 】
*************************************/
// review8.cpp -- C++ Primer plus 第八章练习题

#include <iostream>

#include <cstring> // exsampleNo6 field
#include <string>  // exsampleNo6 field

#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

void exampleNo1(void);
void exampleNo2(void);
void exampleNo3(void);
void exampleNo4(void);
void exampleNo5(void);
void exampleNo6(void);
void exampleNo7(void);
void exampleNo8(void);
void exampleNo9(void);
void exampleNo10(void);

int main(void)
{
	//exampleNo1();   // example 1 test
	//exampleNo2();   // example 2 test
	//exampleNo3();   // example 3 test
	//exampleNo4();   // example 4 test
	//exampleNo5();   // example 5 test
	//exampleNo6();   // example 6 test
	exampleNo7();   // example 7 test
	//exampleNo8();   // example 8 test
	//exampleNo9();   // example 9 test
	//exampleNo10();   // example 10 test

	return 0;
}

void PrintStr(const char *, int flag = 0);

void exampleNo1(void)
{
	char str[] = "sucess sucess sucess";
	std::cout << "#1 " << std::endl;
	PrintStr(str);
	std::cout << "#2 " << std::endl;
	PrintStr(str, 1996);
	std::cout << "#3 " << std::endl;
	PrintStr(str, 1996);
	std::cout << "#4 " << std::endl;
	PrintStr(str);
}
void PrintStr(const char * str, int flag)
{
	static int count = 0;
	++count;
	if (!flag)
		std::cout << str << std::endl;
	else
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
			std::cout << str << std::endl;
}
/**
输出结果：
	#1
	sucess sucess sucess
	#2
	sucess sucess sucess
	sucess sucess sucess
	#3
	sucess sucess sucess
	sucess sucess sucess
	sucess sucess sucess
	#4
	sucess sucess sucess
*/


struct CandyBar{
		char name[40];
		double weight;
		int heats;
	};

void setCandyBar(CandyBar & cb, const char * name = \
	"Millennium Munch", double weight = 2.85, int heats = 350);

void showCandyBar(const CandyBar & cb);

void exampleNo2(void)
{
	CandyBar cb;
	setCandyBar(cb);
	showCandyBar(cb);

	char name[30];
	double weight;
	int heats;
	cout << "Enter name: ";
	std::cin.getline(name, 30);
	cout << "Enter weight and heats: ";
	std::cin >> weight >> heats;
	setCandyBar(cb, name, weight, heats);
	showCandyBar(cb);
}
void setCandyBar(CandyBar & cb, const char * name, double weight, int heats)
{
	strcpy((char *)(cb.name), name);
	cb.weight = weight;
	cb.heats = heats;
}
void showCandyBar(const CandyBar & cb)
{
	cout << "name = " << cb.name
		 << ", weight = " << cb.weight
		 << ", heats = " << cb.heats << endl;
}
/**
输出结果：
	name = Millennium Munch, weight = 2.85, heats = 350
	Enter name: zhang san
	Enter weight and heats: 3.15 380
	name = zhang san, weight = 3.15, heats = 380
*/


string & changeUpper(string & str);

void exampleNo3(void)
{
	cout << "Enter a string (q to quit): ";
	string str;
	while ( getline(cin, str) && !((str.size() == 1) && str == "q") )
	{
		cout << changeUpper(str) << endl;
		cout << "Next string (q to quit): ";
	}
	cout << "Done.\n";
}

string & changeUpper(string & str)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++)
		str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
	return str;
}
/**
输出结果：
	Enter a string (q to quit): go away
	GO AWAY
	Next string (q to quit): good grief!
	GOOD GRIEF!
	Next string (q to quit): qsss
	QSSS
	Next string (q to quit): q
	Done.
*/

#include <cstring>  // for strlen(), strcpy() 
struct stringy {  
	char * str;     // points to a string
	int ct;         // length of string (not counting '\0')
};

void set(stringy & stry1, const char * stry2);
void show(const stringy & stry, const int count = 1);
void show(const char * str, const int count = 1);

// prototypes for set(). show(), and show() go here
void exampleNo4(void)
{
	stringy beany;
	char testing[] = "Reality isn't what it used to be. ";
	set(beany, testing);  // first argument is a reference,
	           // allocates space to hold copy of testing
	           // sets str member of beany to point to the
	           // new block, copies testing to new block,
	           // and sets ct member of beany
	show(beany);      // prints member string once
	show(beany, 2);   // prints member string twice
	delete [] beany.str; // 释放new出的内存空间；
	beany.ct = 0;

	testing[0] = 'D';
	testing[1] = 'u';
	show(testing);    // prints member string once
	show(testing, 3);   // prints member string thrice
	show("Done!");
}
void set(stringy & stry1, const char * stry2)
{
	stry1.str = new char[strlen(stry2) + 1]; // 要留一个字符存放'\0'，所以需要
	                                         // 分配strlen(stry2) + 1个空间
	strcpy(stry1.str, stry2);
	stry1.str[strlen(stry2)] = '\0';
	stry1.ct = strlen(stry2);
}
void show(const stringy & stry, const int count)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
		cout << "str = " << stry.str
			 << ", ct = " << stry.ct << endl;
}

void show(const char * str, const int count)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
		cout << "str = " << str << endl;
}
/**
输出结果：
	str = Reality isn't what it used to be. , ct = 34
	str = Reality isn't what it used to be. , ct = 34
	str = Reality isn't what it used to be. , ct = 34
	str = Duality isn't what it used to be.
	str = Duality isn't what it used to be.
	str = Duality isn't what it used to be.
	str = Duality isn't what it used to be.
	str = Done!
*/


const int SIZE = 5;
template <typename T> // or <class T>
T max5(const T arr[SIZE]);

void exampleNo5(void)
{
	int arr_int[SIZE] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
	double arr_dou[SIZE] = { 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 };
	cout << "int array max value: " << max5(arr_int) << endl;
	cout << "double array max value: " << max5(arr_dou) << endl;
}

template <typename T>
T max5(const T arr[SIZE])
{
	T temp = arr[0];
	for (int i = 1; i < SIZE; i++) {
		if (temp < arr[i])
			temp = arr[i];
	}
	return temp;
}
/**
输出结果：
	int array max value: 5
	double array max value: 10
*/


template <typename T>
T maxn(T arr[], int len); // 如果使用 T maxn(const T arr[], int len)

// 则该函数原型需要改成: template <> char * maxn(char* const arr[], int pcount)
template <> char *maxn(char *arr[], int pcount); 

// 注意：模板中的const T代表的是char* const 而不是const char *。

void exampleNo6(void)
{
	int arr_int[6] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
	double arr_dou[4] = { 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 };
	char * ch[5] = { "suces", "sucess", "sucesssuc", "suncesssuce", "sucesssucess" };
	cout << "int array max value: " << maxn(arr_int, 6) << endl;
	cout << "double array max value: " << maxn(arr_dou, 4) << endl;
	cout << "char* array max value: " << maxn(ch, 5) << endl;

}
template <typename T>
T maxn(T arr[], int len)
{
	if (0 == len)
		return 0;
	else {
		T temp = arr[0];
		for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
			if (temp < arr[i])
				temp = arr[i];
		}
		return temp;
	}
}

template <> char *maxn(char *arr[], int pcount)
{
	char * point = NULL;
	if (pcount == 0)
		return NULL;
	else {
		int leng = strlen(arr[0]);
		for (int i = 1; i < pcount; i++) {
			if (leng < strlen(arr[i])) {
				point = arr[i];
			}
		}
	}
	return point;
}

/**
输出结果：
	int array max value: 6
	double array max value: 8
	char* array max value: sucesssucess
*/


template <typename T>  // template A
void ShowArray(T arr[], int n);

template <typename T>  // template B
void ShowArray(T * arr[], int n);

struct debts {
	char name[50];
	double amount;
};

void exampleNo7(void)
{
	using namespace std;
	int things[6] = { 13, 31, 103, 301, 310, 130 };
	struct debts mr_E[3] = {
		{ "Ima Wolfe", 2400.0 },
		{ "Ura Foxe", 1300.0 },
		{ "Iby Stout", 1800.0 },
	};
	double * pd[3];
  // set pointers to the amount members of the structures in mr_E
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		pd[i] = &mr_E[i].amount;

	cout << "Listing Mr. E's counts of things:\n";
  // things is an array of int 
	ShowArray(things, 6);  // use template A
	cout << "Listing Mr. E's debts:\n";
  // pd is an array of pointers to double
	ShowArray(pd, 3);  // use template B(more specialized)

}

template <typename T>
void ShowArray(T arr[], int n)
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "template A\n";
	T sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		sum += arr[i];
	cout << "sum = " << sum << endl;
}

template <typename T>
void ShowArray(T * arr[], int n)
{
	using namespace std;
	cout << "template B\n";
	T sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		sum += *arr[i];
	cout << "sum = " << sum << endl;
}
/**
输出结果：
	Listing Mr. E's counts of things:
	template A
	sum = 888
	Listing Mr. E's debts:
	template B
	sum = 5500
*/


void exampleNo8(void)
{

}


void exampleNo9(void)
{
	
}


void exampleNo10(void)
{
	
}