【机器学习】朴素贝叶斯文本分类

比如我们想估计水果的种类，如果有一组事件分别 黄，长，弯…那我们就可以判断这是一个香蕉。 尽管黄，长，弯几个事件之间可能会相互依赖，但是在朴素贝叶斯模型中，我们假设它们相互独立，这就是他的朴素之处。值得注意的是，这里的朴素对应英语单词naive，单纯的意思，所以也可以理解为很天真单纯的估计。（把数据中的每个特征看作独立分布）。
2朴素贝叶斯做文本分类
实验是对搜狗新闻数据集做文本分类任务，数据源，分别有以下类别：[‘汽车’, ‘财经’, ‘科技’, ‘健康’, ‘体育’, ‘教育’, ‘文化’, ‘军事’, ‘娱乐’, ‘时尚’]。从搜狗新闻数据截取的部分如下：

完整代码（ipython notebook）：
朴素贝叶斯文本分类

import pandas as pd
import jieba
import numpy
#pip install jieba
#读入数据
df_news = pd.read_csv('./data/val.txt',sep='\t',names=['category','theme','URL','content'],encoding='utf-8')
df_news = df_news.dropna()
df_news.head()
#使用结巴分词分类器进行分词
content = df_news.content.values.tolist()
print (content[1000])
content_S = []
for line in content:
    current_segment = jieba.lcut(line)
    if len(current_segment) > 1 and current_segment != '\r\n': #换行符
        content_S.append(current_segment)
#以datafarm形式存储分词
content_S[1000]
df_content=pd.DataFrame({'content_S':content_S})
df_content.head()
#停用词引入
stopwords=pd.read_csv("stopwords.txt",index_col=False,sep="\t",quoting=3,names=['stopword'], encoding='utf-8')
stopwords.head(20)
def drop_stopwords(contents,stopwords):
    contents_clean = []
    all_words = []
    for line in contents:
        line_clean = []
        for word in line:
            if word in stopwords:
                continue
            line_clean.append(word)
            all_words.append(str(word))
        contents_clean.append(line_clean)
    return contents_clean,all_words
    #print (contents_clean)
        
contents = df_content.content_S.values.tolist()    
stopwords = stopwords.stopword.values.tolist()
contents_clean,all_words = drop_stopwords(contents,stopwords)

df_content=pd.DataFrame({'contents_clean':contents_clean})
df_content.head()

df_all_words=pd.DataFrame({'all_words':all_words})
df_all_words.head()

words_count=df_all_words.groupby(by=['all_words'])['all_words'].agg({"count":numpy.size})
words_count=words_count.reset_index().sort_values(by=["count"],ascending=False)
words_count.head()

from wordcloud import WordCloud
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib
matplotlib.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10.0, 5.0)

wordcloud=WordCloud(font_path="./data/simhei.ttf",background_color="white",max_font_size=80)
word_frequence = {x[0]:x[1] for x in words_count.head(100).values}
wordcloud=wordcloud.fit_words(word_frequence)
plt.imshow(wordcloud)
#TF-IDF提取关键词
import jieba.analyse
index = 2400
print (df_news['content'][index])
content_S_str = "".join(content_S[index])  
print ("  ".join(jieba.analyse.extract_tags(content_S_str, topK=5, withWeight=False)))
#LDA主题模型（格式要求：list of list形式，分词好的的整个语料）
from gensim import corpora, models, similarities
import gensim
#做映射，相当于词袋
dictionary = corpora.Dictionary(contents_clean)
corpus = [dictionary.doc2bow(sentence) for sentence in contents_clean]
#类似Kmeans自己指定K值
lda = gensim.models.ldamodel.LdaModel(corpus=corpus, id2word=dictionary, num_topics=20)
for topic in lda.print_topics(num_topics=20, num_words=5):
    print (topic[1])
#训练数据赋值
df_train=pd.DataFrame({'contents_clean':contents_clean,'label':df_news['category']})
df_train.tail()
df_train.label.unique()
label_mapping = {"汽车": 1, "财经": 2, "科技": 3, "健康": 4, "体育":5, "教育": 6,"文化": 7,"军事": 8,"娱乐": 9,"时尚": 0}
df_train['label'] = df_train['label'].map(label_mapping)
df_train.head()
#切分数据集
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(df_train['contents_clean'].values, df_train['label'].values, random_state=1)
words = []
for line_index in range(len(x_train)):
    try:
        #x_train[line_index][word_index] = str(x_train[line_index][word_index])
        words.append(' '.join(x_train[line_index]))
    except:
        print (line_index,word_index)
words[0]        
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer
texts=["dog cat fish","dog cat cat","fish bird", 'bird']
cv = CountVectorizer()
cv_fit=cv.fit_transform(texts)

print(cv.get_feature_names())
print(cv_fit.toarray())
print(cv_fit.toarray().sum(axis=0))
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer
texts=["dog cat fish","dog cat cat","fish bird", 'bird']
cv = CountVectorizer(ngram_range=(1,4))
cv_fit=cv.fit_transform(texts)

print(cv.get_feature_names())
print(cv_fit.toarray())
print(cv_fit.toarray().sum(axis=0))
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer

vec = CountVectorizer(analyzer='word', max_features=4000,  lowercase = False)
vec.fit(words)

from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB
classifier = MultinomialNB()
classifier.fit(vec.transform(words), y_train)

test_words = []
for line_index in range(len(x_test)):
    try:
        #x_train[line_index][word_index] = str(x_train[line_index][word_index])
        test_words.append(' '.join(x_test[line_index]))
    except:
         print (line_index,word_index)
test_words[0]
classifier.score(vec.transform(test_words), y_test)
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer

vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer(analyzer='word', max_features=4000,  lowercase = False)
vectorizer.fit(words)
from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB
classifier = MultinomialNB()
classifier.fit(vectorizer.transform(words), y_train)
classifier.score(vectorizer.transform(test_words), y_test)

本人已经跑过了。最后准确率：

导入相关的库就可以跑啦！