函数指针

1、函数指针的定义与使用

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class test
{
public:
    test()
    {
        cout<<"constructor"<<endl;
    }
    int fun1(int a, char c)
    {
        cout<<"this is fun1 call:"<<a<<" "<<c<<endl;
        return a;
    }
    void fun2(double d)const
    {
        cout<<"this is fun2 call:"<<d<<endl;
    }
    static double fun3(char buf[])
    {
        cout<<"this is fun3 call:"<<buf<<endl;
        return 3.14;
    }
};

int main()
{
    // 类的静态成员函数指针和c的指针的用法相同:不需要加类名、&取地址符可加可不加
    double (*pstatic)(char buf[]) = NULL;//不需要加类名
    pstatic = test::fun3; //可以不加取地址符号
	pstatic((char*)"mycall");
    pstatic = &test::fun3;
    double rtnValue = (*pstatic)((char*)"xyz");
	cout<<"rtnValue:"<<rtnValue<<endl;

    //普通成员函数：类名与取地址符&必须加
    int (test::*pfun)(int, char) = NULL; //声明
	pfun = &test::fun1; //赋值
    test mytest;
    (mytest.*pfun)(1, 'a'); //调用

    //const 函数（基本普通成员函数相同）且声明时需加上const
    void (test::*pconst)(double)const = NULL; 
    pconst = &test::fun2;
    test mytest2;
    (mytest2.*pconst)(3.33);

    //构造函数或者析构函数的指针，貌似不可以，不知道c++标准有没有规定不能有指向这两者的函数指针
    //(test::*pcon)() = NULL;
    //pcon = &test.test;
    //test mytest3;
    //(mytest3.*pcon)();

    return 0;
}

运行结果： 

       

2、函数指针作函数参数

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
/********普通函数指针作函数参数**************/
void fun(int k, char c)
{
    printf("this is fun2 call:%d %c\n", k, c);
}

void fun1(void (*pfun)(int, char), int a, char c)
{
    pfun(a, c);
}

void test1()
{
    fun1(fun, 1, 'a');
}

/**********成员函数指针作函数参数********/
class A {
public:
	void funA(int val)
	{
		cout<<"call funA and val+1 = "<<val+1<<endl;
	}

	static void funA1(int val)
	{
		cout<<"call funA1 and val+1 = "<<val+1<<endl;
	}
};

class B{
public:
	void funB(A &a,void (A::*p)(int), int val)
	{
		cout<<"call funB and val = "<<val<<endl;	
		(a.*p)(val);
	}

	void funB1(void (*p)(int), int val)
	{
		cout<<"call funB1 and val = "<<val<<endl;
		p(val);
	}
};

void test2()
{
    A a;
	B b;
    b.funB(a,&A::funA, 1);
	b.funB1(&A::funA1,3);
}

int main()
{
	cout<<"普通函数指针："<<endl;
	test1();
	cout<<"成员函数指针："<<endl;
	test2();
	return 0;
}

 运行结果：

     

 

 3、成员函数指针作为返回值

/*
 *asReturn.cpp
 *C++函数指针作函数返回值 
 */
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A
{
public:
    int funA(int a, char c)
    {
        cout<<"this is fun call:"<<a<<" "<<c<<endl;
        return a;
    }
};

class B
{
    public:

    // funB是B 的成员函数
	// 函数名	：funB
	// 函数参数	：double d
	// 函数返回值：指向A的成员函数funA，  int(A::*)(int, char)
    int (A::*funB(double d))(int, char)
    {
        cout<<d<<endl;
        return &A::funA;//&不可省
        //若省去&:invalid use of non-static member function ‘int A::funA(int, char)’
    }
};

int main()
{
    A a;
    B b;

	//定义指向类A的funA成员函数的函数指针p(注意：类名不可省)
    int (A::*p)(int, char) = b.funB(3.33);
    (a.*p)(1, 'a');

	//省略类名A
	//int (*q)(int, char) = b.funB(3.14);
	//报错：error: cannot convert ‘int (A::*)(int, char)’ to ‘int (*)(int, char)’ in initialization
    
	return 0;
}