python--数组将维之flatten(), ravel(), reshape(), resize(), flat

重点说一下 flatten() 和 ravel():

相同点:

两者的功能是一致的: 将多维数组将为一维数组

不同点：

在于是返回: 拷贝(copy) 还是 返回 视图(view)

numpy.flatten()返回一份拷贝，对拷贝所做的修改不会影响（reflects）原始矩阵，

而numpy.ravel()返回的是视图（view，有点类似 C/C++引用reference的意味），会影响（reflects）原始矩阵。

# 将多维数组将为一维数组
ndarray.flatten(order='C')

Parameters:     order : {‘C’, ‘F’, ‘A’, ‘K’}, 

                        optional：

                        ‘C’ means to flatten in row-major (C-style) order.

                        ‘F’ means to flatten in column-major (Fortran- style)  order. 

                        ‘A’ means to flatten in column-major order if 
                        a is Fortran contiguous in memory, row-major order 
                        otherwise. 

                        ‘K’ means to flatten a in the order the elements occur in memory. 

                        The default is ‘C’.

Returns:        y : ndarray

                        A copy of the input array, flattened to one dimension.

>>> x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
>>> x
array([[1, 2],
       [3, 4]])

>>> x.flatten()
array([1, 2, 3, 4])

>>> x.ravel()
array([1, 2, 3, 4])

而且两者默认： 均是行序优先

>>> a = np.array([[1,2], [3,4]])


>>> a.flatten()   # 默认参数为"C"，即按照行进行重组
array([1, 2, 3, 4])


>>> a.flatten('F') # 按照列进行重组
array([1, 3, 2, 4])

# ravel() 的两种用法: 

#  numpy.ravel()
>>> x = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
>>> y = np.ravel(x) # 默认order="C",按照行进行重组
>>> y
[1 2 3 4 5 6]

>>> y = np.ravel(x, order='F') # 按照列进行重组
>>> y
[1 4 2 5 3 6]

#  ndarray.ravel(order='C)
>>> a = np.arange(12).reshape(2,3,2).swapaxes(1,2)
>>> a
array([[[ 0,  2,  4],
        [ 1,  3,  5]],
       [[ 6,  8, 10],
        [ 7,  9, 11]]])

>>> a.ravel(order='C')
array([ 0,  2,  4,  1,  3,  5,  6,  8, 10,  7,  9, 11])

>>> a.ravel(order='K')
array([ 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11])

不同点：

>>> x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
>>> x.flatten()[1] = 100
>>> x
array([[1, 2],
       [3, 4]])            # flatten：返回的是 拷贝


>>> x.ravel()[1] = 100     # ravel : 返回的是 视图
>>> x
array([[  1, 100],
       [  3,   4]])

reshape() 的用法:

#  numpy.reshape(a, newshape, order='C')

>>> a = np.arange(6).reshape((3, 2))
>>> a
array([[0, 1],
       [2, 3],
       [4, 5]])

# numpy.reshape() 

>>> np.reshape(a, (2, 3)) 
array([[0, 1, 2],
       [3, 4, 5]])

>>> a = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6]])
>>> np.reshape(a, 6)
array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

# ndarray.reshape()

>>> a = np.arange(6).reshape((3, 2))
>>> a
array([[0, 1],
       [2, 3],
       [4, 5]])

>>> a.reshape(-1)
array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

>>> a.T.reshape(-1)     # 等同于flatten() 与 ravel() 按列将维
array([0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5])

resize() 的用法:

# numpy.resize()
>>> a=np.array([[0,1],[2,3]])
>>> np.resize(a,(2,3))
array([[0, 1, 2],
       [3, 0, 1]])

>>> np.resize(a,(1,4))
array([[0, 1, 2, 3]])

>>> np.resize(a,(2,4))
array([[0, 1, 2, 3],
       [0, 1, 2, 3]])

# ndarray.resize()
>>> b = np.array([[0, 1], [2, 3]])
>>> b.resize(2, 3) 
>>> b
array([[0, 1, 2],
       [3, 0, 0]])

>>> b.resize(1,4)
array([[0, 1, 2, 3]])

>>> b.resize(2,4)
array([[0, 1, 2, 3],
       [0, 0, 0, 0]])

flat 的用法:

>>> x = np.arange(1, 7).reshape(2, 3)
>>> x
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [4, 5, 6]])


>>> list(x.flat)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

>>> x.flat[3] # 返回重组后的一维数组下标为3的元素
4

>>> x.T
array([[1, 4],
       [2, 5],
       [3, 6]])

>>> x.T.flat[3] # 返回x的转置重组后的一维数组下标为3的元素
5

>>> x.flat = 3 # 将数组的元素均变为3
>>> x
array([[3, 3, 3],
       [3, 3, 3]])

>>> x.flat[[1,4]] = 1 # 将数组重组后的一维数组小标为1,4的元素变为1
>>> x
array([[3, 1, 3],
       [3, 1, 3]])