Mybatis处理复杂查询环境

本文介绍了在Mybatis中处理多对一和一对多关系映射的方法,通过创建数据表、配置文件、Mapper接口和XML文件,展示了如何使用association和collection进行复杂查询。示例包括从协调人角度获取多个工作者和从工作者角度获取一个协调人的例子,以及两种不同的处理方式。
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复杂查询环境

多对一和一对多

多个工作者对应一个协调人

对于工作者(worker)而言,多个工作者关联一个协调人(coordinator)(多对一,关联)
对于协调人而言,一个协调人有很多工作者(一对多,集合)
在程序开发中,也会遇到类似的情况,这时就会涉及到Mybatis中结果映射的associationcollection

实例

创建数据表

coordinator表

CREATE TABLE `coordinator`(
	`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
    `name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO coordinator(`id`, `name`) VALUES(1, "Alex");

worker表

CREATE TABLE `worker`(
	`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
    `name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
    `cid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    FOREIGN KEY (`cid`) REFERENCES `coordinator` (`id`) 
)ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

INSERT INTO `worker` (`id`, `name`, `cid`) VALUES (1, '小明', '1');
INSERT INTO `worker` (`id`, `name`, `cid`) VALUES (2, '小红', '1');
INSERT INTO `worker` (`id`, `name`, `cid`) VALUES (3, '小方', '1');
INSERT INTO `worker` (`id`, `name`, `cid`) VALUES (4, '小芳', '1');
INSERT INTO `worker` (`id`, `name`, `cid`) VALUES (5, '小王', '1');
环境搭建

创建核心配置文件(mybatis-config.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <properties resource="db.properties"/>
    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
    </settings>
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
</configuration>

创建配置文件(db.properties)

username = root
password = root
url = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis
driver = com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

创建工具类(MybatisUtil)

public class MybatisUtil {
    private  static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
    static {
        try {
            String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
            InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
             sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
        return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    }
}
文件准备

①导入相关依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>8.0.33</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.13</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.28</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.13.2</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

②新建实体类

Coordinator类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Coordinator {
    private int id;
    private String name;
}

Worker类

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Worker {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    //工作者需要关联协调人
    private Coordinator coordinator;
}

③创建Mapper接口

CoordinatorMapper

public interface CoordinatorMapper {
    @Select("select * from coordinator where id = #{cid}")
    Coordinator select(@Param("cid") int id);
}

WorkerMapper

public interface WokerMapper {
}

④创建Mapper.xml

CoordinatorMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.louis.dao.CoordinatorMapper">

</mapper>

WorkerMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.louis.dao.WokerMapper">

</mapper>

⑤在核心配置文件中绑定注册Mapper接口或文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <properties resource="db.properties"/>
    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
    </settings>
    <environments default="development">
        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>
    <mappers>
        <mapper class="com.louis.dao.CoordinatorMapper"/>
        <mapper class="com.louis.dao.WokerMapper"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

⑥测试是否成功

public class MyTest {
    static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyTest.class);
    @Test
    public void test(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();
        CoordinatorMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(CoordinatorMapper.class);
        Coordinator select = mapper.select(1);
        logger.info(select);
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}
//注意导入Logger为:import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

在这里插入图片描述

特别提醒:以上只是为了测试配置文件是否正确。

多对一处理

WorkerMapper接口

public interface WorkerMapper {
    //查询所有的工作人员和它们对应的协调人的信息
    List<Worker> getWorker2();
    List<Worker> getWorker();
}

方式一(按照查询嵌套处理)

WorkerMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.louis.dao.WorkerMapper">
        <!--<select id="getWorker" resultType="com.louis.pojo.Worker">-->
                <!--
                思路:
                1、查询所有的工作人员信息
                2、根据查询出来的工作人员的cid,寻找对应的协调人
                -->
                <!--select w.id, w.name, 
					c.name from worker as w, 
					coordinator as c 
					where w.tid = c.id;-->
                <!--select * from worker;-->
        <!--</select>-->
        <select id="getWorker" resultMap="WorkerCoordinator">
                select * from worker;
        </select>
        <resultMap id="WorkerCoordinator" type="com.louis.pojo.Worker">
            	<!--column 数据库中的字段, property实体类中的属性-->
                <result property="id" column="id"/>
                <result property="name" column="name"/>
                <!--复杂的属性我们需要单独做处理 对象使用association 集合使用collection-->
                <association property="coordinator" column="cid" javaType="com.louis.pojo.Coordinator" select="getCoordinator"/>
        </resultMap>
        <select id="getCoordinator" resultType="com.louis.pojo.Coordinator">
                select * from coordinator where id = #{id};
        </select>
</mapper>

测试

@Test
public void getWorker(){
    SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();
    WorkerMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(WorkerMapper.class);
    List<Worker> worker = mapper.getWorker();
    System.out.println("worker = " + worker);
    sqlSession.close();
}
//结果
worker = [Worker(id=1, name=小明, coordinator=Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex)), 
Worker(id=2, name=小红, coordinator=Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex)), 
Worker(id=3, name=小方, coordinator=Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex)), 
Worker(id=4, name=小芳, coordinator=Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex)), 
Worker(id=5, name=小王, coordinator=Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex))]
方式二(按照结果嵌套处理)

WorkerMapper.xml

<!--
方式二:按照结果嵌套处理
思路:
   1、查询所有的工作人员信息
   2、根据查询出来的工作人员的cid,寻找对应的协调人
-->
<select id="getWorker2" resultMap="WorkerCoordinator02">
        <!--使用我们常用的查询语句,并且相应的给一些别名-->
        select w.id as wid, w.name as wname, c.name as cname
        from worker as w, coordinator as c
        where w.cid = c.id;
</select>
<resultMap id="WorkerCoordinator02" type="com.louis.pojo.Worker">
        <result property="id" column="wid"/>
        <result property="name" column="wname"/>
        <association property="coordinator" javaType="com.louis.pojo.Coordinator">
                <result property="name" column="cname"/>
        </association>
</resultMap>

测试

@Test
public void getWorker2(){
    SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();
    WorkerMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(WorkerMapper.class);
    List<Worker> worker = mapper.getWorker2();
    System.out.println("worker = " + worker);
    sqlSession.close();
}
//结果 
worker = [Worker(id=1, name=小明, coordinator=Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex)), 
Worker(id=2, name=小红, coordinator=Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex)), 
Worker(id=3, name=小方, coordinator=Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex)), 
Worker(id=4, name=小芳, coordinator=Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex)), 
Worker(id=5, name=小王, coordinator=Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex))]

一对多处理

比如一个协调人对应多个工作人员,对于协调人而言,就是一对多的关系,除了实体类外和多对一的环境相同。

实体类

Worker

public class Worker {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int cid;
}

Coordinator

public class Coordinator {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    //一个协调人协调多个工作人员
    private List<Worker> worker;
}

CoordinatorMapper接口

public interface CoordinatorMapper {
    //获取指定协调人下的所有工作人员和协调人的信息
    Coordinator getCoordinatorTarget(@Param("cid") int cid);
    Coordinator getCoordinatorTarget01(@Param("id") int id);
}
方式一(按照查询嵌套处理)

CoordinatorMapper.xml

<!--按查询嵌套处理-->
<select id="getCoordinatorTarget01" resultMap="CoordinatorWorker01">
    select * from mybatis.coordinator where id = #{id}
</select>
<resultMap id="CoordinatorWorker01" type="com.louis.entity.Coordinator">
    <result property="id" column="id"/>
    <result property="name" column="name"/>
    <collection property="worker" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="com.louis.entity.Worker" select="getWorkerById" column="id"/>
</resultMap>
<select id="getWorkerById" resultType="com.louis.entity.Worker">
    select * from worker where cid = #{id}
</select>

测试

@Test
public void myTest01(){
    SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();
    CoordinatorMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(CoordinatorMapper.class);
    Coordinator coordinatorTarget = mapper.getCoordinatorTarget(1);
    System.out.println("coordinatorTarget = " + coordinatorTarget);
    sqlSession.close();
coordinatorTarget = Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex, 
	worker=[Worker(id=1, name=小明, cid=0),
			Worker(id=2, name=小红, cid=0),
			Worker(id=3, name=小方, cid=0),
			Worker(id=4, name=小芳, cid=0),
			Worker(id=5, name=小王, cid=0)])
方式二(按照结果嵌套处理)

CoordinatorMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.louis.dao.CoordinatorMapper">
<!--按结果嵌套查询-->
    <select id="getCoordinatorTarget" resultMap="CoordinatorWorker">
        select c.id, c.`name`, w.id as wid, w.`name`as wname
        from coordinator as c, worker as w
        where c.id = w.cid and c.id = #{cid}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="CoordinatorWorker" type="com.louis.entity.Coordinator">
        <result property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="name"/>
        <!--复杂的属性我们需要单独做处理 对象使用association 集合使用collection
        javaType=""指定属性的类型,集合中泛型信息我们需要使用的是ofType
        -->
        <collection property="worker" ofType="com.louis.entity.Worker">
            <result property="id" column="wid"/>
            <result property="name" column="wname"/>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>
</mapper>

测试

@Test
public void myTest02(){
    SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtil.getSqlSession();
    CoordinatorMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(CoordinatorMapper.class);
    Coordinator coordinator = mapper.getCoordinatorTarget01(1);
    System.out.println("coordinator = " + coordinator);
    sqlSession.close();
//结果
coordinatorTarget = Coordinator(id=1, name=Alex, 
	worker=[Worker(id=1, name=小明, cid=0),
 			Worker(id=2, name=小红, cid=0),
			Worker(id=3, name=小方, cid=0),
 			Worker(id=4, name=小芳, cid=0),
 			Worker(id=5, name=小王, cid=0)])

注意:使用association用于(多对一) 和collection用于(一对多),此外

javaType用来指定实体类中属性的类型

ofType用来指定映射到List或集合中的pojo类型,泛型中的约束类型。如:List<worker>

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