【LeetCode 】102. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal

Given a binary tree, return the level order traversal of its nodes’ values. (ie, from left to right, level by level).

For example:
Given binary tree [3,9,20,null,null,15,7],
3
/ \
9 20
/ \
15 7
return its level order traversal as:
[
[3],
[9,20],
[15,7]
]

其实就是树的广度优先搜索，使用队列进行辅助，遍历每一层
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<vector<int>> res; 
        if (root == NULL) return res;
        vector<int> sub;    // 存储每一层每个结点的值

        queue<TreeNode *> q; // 辅助队列
        q.push(root);

        while (!q.empty()) { // q为空时结束循环
            queue<TreeNode *> tmpq; // 临时队列，存储下一层的结点
            while (!q.empty()) {
                sub.push_back(q.front()->val);  // 将该层节点值加入sub中
                if (q.front()->left != NULL) tmpq.push(q.front()->left); // 依次将左右子结点放入队列中
                if (q.front()->right != NULL) tmpq.push(q.front()->right);
                q.pop(); // 弹出一个结点，为空时表明当前层的所有结点都被遍历过
            }
            res.push_back(sub); // 加入结果集
            q = tmpq;         // 更新队列
            sub.clear();      // 清空，以备下次使用
        }
        return res;
    }
};