第3章 处理数据

1.用climits来检查short，int，long等类型的大小

climits中的符号常量：

 https://p-blog.csdn.net/images/p_blog_csdn_net/xuanya0214/EntryImages/20090911/111633882602323906250.jpg

 

https://p-blog.csdn.net/images/p_blog_csdn_net/xuanya0214/EntryImages/20090911/112633882602324531250.jpg

 

实例：

 

// limits.cpp -- some integer limits #include <iostream> #include <climits> // use limits.h for older systems int main() { using namespace std; int n_int = INT_MAX; // initialize n_int to max int value short n_short = SHRT_MAX; // symbols defined in limits.h file long n_long = LONG_MAX; // sizeof operator yields size of type or of variable cout << "int is " << sizeof (int) << " bytes." << endl; cout << "short is " << sizeof n_short << " bytes." << endl; cout << "long is " << sizeof n_long << " bytes." << endl << endl; cout << "Maximum values:" << endl; cout << "int: " << n_int << endl; cout << "short: " << n_short << endl; cout << "long: " << n_long << endl << endl; cout << "Minimum int value = " << INT_MIN << endl; cout << "Bits per byte = " << CHAR_BIT << endl; return 0; }

 

 

2.典型的整型溢出行为

整型变量的行为就像里程碑，如果超越了限制，其值将为范围另一端的取值。

 

// exceed.cpp -- exceeding some integer limits #include <iostream> #define ZERO 0 // makes ZERO symbol for 0 value #include <climits> // defines INT_MAX as largest int value int main() { using namespace std; short sam = SHRT_MAX; // initialize a variable to max value unsigned short sue = sam;// okay if variable sam already defined cout << "Sam has " << sam << " dollars and Sue has " << sue; cout << " dollars deposited." << endl << "Add $1 to each account." << endl << "Now "; sam = sam + 1; sue = sue + 1; cout << "Sam has " << sam << " dollars and Sue has " << sue; cout << " dollars deposited./nPoor Sam!" << endl; sam = ZERO; sue = ZERO; cout << "Sam has " << sam << " dollars and Sue has " << sue; cout << " dollars deposited." << endl; cout << "Take $1 from each account." << endl << "Now "; sam = sam - 1; sue = sue - 1; cout << "Sam has " << sam << " dollars and Sue has " << sue; cout << " dollars deposited." << endl << "Lucky Sue!" << endl; return 0; }

下表式一个形象的说明：

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3.转义序列

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关于 /a  和 /b 的一个应用：

// bondini.cpp -- using escape sequences #include <iostream> int main() { using namespace std; cout << "/aOperation /"HyperHype/" is now activated!/n"; cout << "Enter your agent code:________/b/b/b/b/b/b/b/b"; long code; cin >> code; cout << "/aYou entered " << code << ".../n"; cout << "/aCode verified! Proceed with Plan Z3!/n"; return 0; }