linux0.11 build.c

/*
 *  linux/tools/build.c
 *
 *  (C) 1991  Linus Torvalds
 */

/*
 * This file builds a disk-image from three different files:
 *
 * - bootsect: max 510 bytes of 8086 machine code, loads the rest
 * - setup: max 4 sectors of 8086 machine code, sets up system parm
 * - system: 80386 code for actual system
 *
 * It does some checking that all files are of the correct type, and
 * just writes the result to stdout, removing headers and padding to
 * the right amount. It also writes some system data to stderr.
 */
/*
* 该程序从三个不同的程序中创建磁盘映象文件：
*
* - bootsect：该文件的8086 机器码最长为510 字节，用于加载其它程序。
* - setup：该文件的8086 机器码最长为4 个磁盘扇区，用于设置系统参数。
* - system：实际系统的80386 代码。
*
* 该程序首先检查所有程序模块的类型是否正确，并将检查结果在终端上显示出来，
* 然后删除模块头部并扩充大正确的长度。该程序也会将一些系统数据写到stderr。
*/
/*
 * Changes by tytso to allow root device specification
 */
/*
* tytso 对该程序作了修改，以允许指定根文件设备。
*/
#include <stdio.h> /* fprintf */
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h> /* contains exit */
#include <sys/types.h> /* unistd.h needs this */
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <unistd.h> /* contains read/write */
#include <fcntl.h>

#define MINIX_HEADER 32
#define GCC_HEADER 1024

#define SYS_SIZE 0x3000

#define DEFAULT_MAJOR_ROOT 3
#define DEFAULT_MINOR_ROOT 6

/* max nr of sectors of setup: don't change unless you also change
 * bootsect etc */
 /* 下面指定setup 模块占的最大扇区数：不要改变该值，除非也改变bootsect 等相应文件。*/
#define SETUP_SECTS 4

#define STRINGIFY(x) #x

void die(char * str)
{
 fprintf(stderr,"%s/n",str);
 exit(1);
}

void usage(void)
{
 die("Usage: build bootsect setup system [rootdev] [> image]");
}

int main(int argc, char ** argv)
{
 int i,c,id;
 char buf[1024];
 char major_root, minor_root;
 struct stat sb;

 if ((argc != 4) && (argc != 5))
  usage();
 /* 如果参数是5 个，则说明带有根设备名。*/
 if (argc == 5) {
  if (strcmp(argv[4], "FLOPPY")) {
   if (stat(argv[4], &sb)) {
    perror(argv[4]);
    die("Couldn't stat root device.");
   }/* 若成功则取该设备名状态结构中的主设备号和次设备号。*/
   major_root = MAJOR(sb.st_rdev);
   minor_root = MINOR(sb.st_rdev);
  } else {
   major_root = 0;
   minor_root = 0;
  }
 } else {/* 若参数只有4 个，则让主设备号和次设备号等于系统默认的根设备。*/
  major_root = DEFAULT_MAJOR_ROOT;
  minor_root = DEFAULT_MINOR_ROOT;
 }
 fprintf(stderr, "Root device is (%d, %d)/n", major_root, minor_root);
 if ((major_root != 2) && (major_root != 3) &&
     (major_root != 0)) {
  fprintf(stderr, "Illegal root device (major = %d)/n",
   major_root);
  die("Bad root device --- major #");
 }
 for (i=0;i<sizeof buf; i++) buf[i]=0;
 /* 以只读方式打开参数1 指定的文件(bootsect)，若出错则显示出错信息，退出。*/
 if ((id=open(argv[1],O_RDONLY,0))<0)
  die("Unable to open 'boot'");
 /* 读取文件中的minix 执行头部信息(参见列表后说明)，若出错则显示出错信息，退出。*/
 if (read(id,buf,MINIX_HEADER) != MINIX_HEADER)
  die("Unable to read header of 'boot'");
 /* 0x0301 - minix 头部a_magic 魔数；0x10 - a_flag 可执行；0x04 - a_cpu, Intel 8086 机器码。*/
 if (((long *) buf)[0]!=0x04100301)
  die("Non-Minix header of 'boot'");
 /* 判断头部长度字段a_hdrlen（字节）是否正确。（后三字节正好没有用，是0）*/
 if (((long *) buf)[1]!=MINIX_HEADER)
  die("Non-Minix header of 'boot'");
 /* 判断数据段长a_data 字段(long)内容是否为0。*/
 if (((long *) buf)[3]!=0)
  die("Illegal data segment in 'boot'");
 /* 判断堆a_bss 字段(long)内容是否为0。*/
 if (((long *) buf)[4]!=0)
  die("Illegal bss in 'boot'");
 /* 判断执行点a_entry 字段(long)内容是否为0。*/
 if (((long *) buf)[5] != 0)
  die("Non-Minix header of 'boot'");
 /* 判断符号表长字段a_sym 的内容是否为0。*/
 if (((long *) buf)[7] != 0)
  die("Illegal symbol table in 'boot'");
 /* 读取实际代码数据，应该返回读取字节数为512 字节。*/
 i=read(id,buf,sizeof buf);
 fprintf(stderr,"Boot sector %d bytes./n",i);
 if (i != 512)
  die("Boot block must be exactly 512 bytes");
 /* 判断boot 块0x510 处是否有可引导标志0xAA55。*/
 if ((*(unsigned short *)(buf+510)) != 0xAA55)
  die("Boot block hasn't got boot flag (0xAA55)");
 /* 引导块的508，509 偏移处存放的是根设备号。*/
 buf[508] = (char) minor_root;
 buf[509] = (char) major_root; 
 /* 将该boot 块512 字节的数据写到标准输出stdout，若写出字节数不对，则显示出错信息，退出。*/
 i=write(1,buf,512);
 if (i!=512)
  die("Write call failed");
 /* 最后关闭bootsect 模块文件。*/
 close (id);
 /* 现在开始处理setup 模块。首先以只读方式打开该模块，若出错则显示出错信息，退出。*/
 if ((id=open(argv[2],O_RDONLY,0))<0)
  die("Unable to open 'setup'");
 if (read(id,buf,MINIX_HEADER) != MINIX_HEADER)
  die("Unable to read header of 'setup'");
 if (((long *) buf)[0]!=0x04100301)
  die("Non-Minix header of 'setup'");
 if (((long *) buf)[1]!=MINIX_HEADER)
  die("Non-Minix header of 'setup'");
 if (((long *) buf)[3]!=0)
  die("Illegal data segment in 'setup'");
 if (((long *) buf)[4]!=0)
  die("Illegal bss in 'setup'");
 if (((long *) buf)[5] != 0)
  die("Non-Minix header of 'setup'");
 if (((long *) buf)[7] != 0)
  die("Illegal symbol table in 'setup'");
 for (i=0 ; (c=read(id,buf,sizeof buf))>0 ; i+=c )
  if (write(1,buf,c)!=c)
   die("Write call failed");
 close (id);
 /* 若setup 模块长度大于4 个扇区，则算出错，显示出错信息，退出。*/
 if (i > SETUP_SECTS*512)
  die("Setup exceeds " STRINGIFY(SETUP_SECTS)
   " sectors - rewrite build/boot/setup");
 fprintf(stderr,"Setup is %d bytes./n",i);
 /* 将缓冲区buf 清零。*/
 for (c=0 ; c<sizeof(buf) ; c++)
  buf[c] = '/0';
 /* 若setup 长度小于4*512 字节，则用/0 将setup 填足为4*512 字节。*/
 while (i<SETUP_SECTS*512) {
  c = SETUP_SECTS*512-i;
  if (c > sizeof(buf))
   c = sizeof(buf);
  if (write(1,buf,c) != c)
   die("Write call failed");
  i += c;
 }
 /* 下面处理system 模块。首先以只读方式打开该文件。*/
 if ((id=open(argv[3],O_RDONLY,0))<0)
  die("Unable to open 'system'");
// if (read(id,buf,GCC_HEADER) != GCC_HEADER)
//  die("Unable to read header of 'system'");
// if (((long *) buf)[5] != 0)
//  die("Non-GCC header of 'system'");
/* 读取随后的执行代码数据，并写到标准输出stdout。*/
 for (i=0 ; (c=read(id,buf,sizeof buf))>0 ; i+=c )
  if (write(1,buf,c)!=c)
   die("Write call failed");
 close(id);
 fprintf(stderr,"System is %d bytes./n",i);
 /* 若system 代码数据长度超过SYS_SIZE 节（或128KB 字节），则显示出错信息，退出。*/
 if (i > SYS_SIZE*16)
  die("System is too big");
 return(0);
}