GUI用户图形界面

一.AWT组件及其属性
import java.awt.*
组件（component）是构成图形用户界面的基本组成和核心元素。Component是所有组件类的根类，实际使用的组件是Component的子类。
常用组件：
1.Window窗口类和Panel面板类：
窗口是顶层容器，窗口不能包含在其他容器中。Panel必须包含在其他容器中，窗口可以包含多个面板，一个面板可以包含另一个面板。
2.Frame框架，Dialog对话框:通常把Frame框架当做父类。一定要设置setVisible(true).
3.标签Label:标签只能用于显示信息，不能用于输入。
4.文本行TextField:用于输入文本，gettext()
5.按钮Button:需要触发事件监听器（actionListener等），可以创建一个带有标签的按钮。
二.布局管理器
Flowlayout：流式布局，可以通过更改框架大小而改变布局。
BorderLayout：边布局，“东，西，南，北，中”，中间组件的长度和宽度随容器大小而变化。
GridLayout:网格布局
复数计算器的实例

package tuxing;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Button;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
public class Complex {
	private double real;
	private double image;

	public Complex(String real, String image) {
		try {
		this.real = Double.parseDouble(real);
		this.image = Double.parseDouble(image);
		}catch(Exception e) {
			System.out.println("输入错误");
		}
	}

	public void Add(Complex c) {

		this.real = this.real + c.getReal();

		this.image = this.image + c.getImage();

	}

	public void Reduce(Complex c) {

		this.real = this.real - c.getReal();

		this.image = this.image - c.getImage();

	}

	public void Multiply(Complex c) {
		double a, b;
		a = this.real;
		b = this.image;
		this.real = a * (c.getReal()) - b * (c.getImage());
		this.image = b * (c.getReal()) + a * (c.getImage());
	}

	public void Divide(Complex c) {
		double a, b;
		a = this.real;
		b = this.image;
		this.real = (a * (c.getReal()) + b * (c.getImage()))
				/ ((c.getReal()) * (c.getReal()) + (c.getImage() * c.getImage()));
		this.image = (b * (c.getReal()) - a * (c.getImage()))
				/ ((c.getReal()) * (c.getReal()) + (c.getImage() * c.getImage()));
	}

	public String toString() {
		if (image > 0)
			return real + "+" + image + "i";
		else if (image < 0) {
			image = -image;
		}
		return real + "-" + image + "i";
	}

	public double getReal() {
		return real;
	}

	public void setReal(double real) {
		this.real = real;
	}

	public double getImage() {
		return image;
	}

	public void setImage(double image) {
		this.image = image;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Complex("2", "2");
		new Calculate();
	}
}
public class Calculate extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
	JTextField j1,j2,j3,j4,j5,j6,j7,j8;
	private  String czy1 = "+",czy2 = "+";
	public JComboBox<String> comboBox1, comboBox2;	
	JButton b = new JButton("=");
	public  Calculate()
	{
		this.setTitle("复数表达式计算");
		this.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
		this.setBounds(200, 200,400, 400);
		this.setBackground(Color.gray);
		this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		init();
		this.getContentPane().add(b);
		b.addActionListener(this);
		j7 = new JTextField(10);
		j8 = new JTextField(10);
		j7.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);//设置文本的水平对齐方式
		j8.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);
		j7.setEditable(false);
		j8.setEditable(false);
		this.getContentPane().add(j7);
		this.getContentPane().add(new JLabel("+"));
		this.getContentPane().add(j8);
		this.getContentPane().add(new JLabel("i"));
		this.setVisible(true);
	}
	public void init()
{   
	j1 = new JTextField(10);
	j2 = new JTextField(10);
	j1.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);
	j2.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);
	this.getContentPane().add(j1);
	this.getContentPane().add(new JLabel("+"));
	this.getContentPane().add(j2);
	this.getContentPane().add(new JLabel("i"));
	this.add(new JLabel(""));
		JComboBox1();
		j3 = new JTextField(10);
		j4 = new JTextField(10);
		j3.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);
		j4.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);
		this.getContentPane().add(j3);
		this.getContentPane().add(new JLabel("+"));
		this.getContentPane().add(j4);
		this.getContentPane().add(new JLabel("i"));
		this.add(new JLabel(""));
		JComboBox2();
		j5 = new JTextField(10);
		j6 = new JTextField(10);
		j5.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);
		j6.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.CENTER);
		this.getContentPane().add(j5);
		this.getContentPane().add(new JLabel("+"));
		this.getContentPane().add(j6);
		this.getContentPane().add(new JLabel("i"));
		this.add(new JLabel(""));
	}
	public void JComboBox1() {
		String j[] = { "+", "-", "*", "/" };
		comboBox1 = new JComboBox<String>(j);
		this.add(comboBox1);
		this.setLocationRelativeTo(comboBox1);
		comboBox1.addActionListener(this); 
}
	public void JComboBox2() {
		String j[] = { "+", "-", "*", "/" };
		comboBox2 = new JComboBox<String>(j);
		this.add(comboBox2);
		this.setLocationRelativeTo(comboBox2);
		comboBox2.addActionListener(this);
   }
	public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ev)
	{
		if(ev.getSource()== b)
		{
			count();
		}
		else if(ev.getSource()==comboBox1)
		{
			czy1 = (String) comboBox1.getSelectedItem();
		}
		else if(ev.getSource()==comboBox2)
		{
			czy2 = (String) comboBox1.getSelectedItem();
		}
	}
	
	public void count() {
		
			Complex c1 = new Complex(j1.getText(), j2.getText());
			Complex c2 = new Complex(j3.getText(), j4.getText());
			Complex c3 = new Complex(j5.getText(), j6.getText());
			Complex cc;
			System.out.println("开始计算");
			try {
				
			
			if (czy1.equals("+") == true) {
				c1.Add(c2);
				System.out.print("+");
			}
			if (czy1.equals("-") == true) {
				c1.Reduce(c2);
				System.out.print("-");
			}
			if (czy1.equals("*") == true) {
				c1.Multiply(c2);
				System.out.print("*");
			}
			if (czy1.equals("/") == true) {
				c1.Divide(c2);
				System.out.print("/");
			}
			// ?ж?????? 2
			if (czy2.equals("+") == true) {
				c1.Add(c3);
				System.out.print("+");
			}
			if (czy2.equals("-") == true) {
				c1.Reduce(c3);
				System.out.print("-");
			}
			if (czy2.equals("*") == true) {
				c1.Multiply(c3);
				System.out.print("*");
			}
			if (czy2.equals("/") == true) {
				c1.Divide(c3);
				System.out.print("/");
			}
		    cc = c1;
			c1 = null;
			j7.setText(String.valueOf(cc.getReal()));
			j8.setText(String.valueOf(cc.getImage()));
		}catch (Exception e) {
			JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "输入错误");
		}
	}
}
	
三.Swing组件及事件
Swing组件以“J”开头，JFrame框架作为主窗口，JFrame和JDialog是两个重型组件，因此不能将Swing组件添加到这两个组件中，应该加到内容窗格中（contentpane）,
this.getcontentpane().add(component),其他组件省略
四.图形图像
通过绘图类Graphics对象调用绘图方法实现。
组件绘图方法：
public void paint(Graphics g)
public void repaint()
public void update(Graphics g)
paint()和update()方法由虚拟机自动执行，当更新组件时，自动执行update()方法。
画布：通常在画布上绘制图形。public Canvas()