10-GUI编程

xxx_Hong

已于 2022-01-21 15:26:24 修改

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分类专栏： Java学习文章标签： java 开发语言后端

于 2022-01-21 15:25:51 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xxx_Hong/article/details/122622427

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GUI编程

组件：

窗口
弹窗
面板
文本框
列表框
按钮
图片
监听事件
鼠标
键盘事件

1. 简介

GUI核心技术：Swing AWT

需要 jre 环境

GUI：图形用户接口编程

MVC架构基础

2. AWT

2.1 AWT介绍

Abstract windows tools

包含了很多类和接口
元素：窗口、按钮、文本框
java.awt

在这里插入图片描述

2.2 组件和容器

Frame

package com.gui.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //Frame
        Frame frame = new Frame("First test");

        //需要设置可见性  w h
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口大小
        frame.setSize(400, 400);

        //设置背景颜色 Color
        frame.setBackground(new Color(77, 94, 67));

        //弹出的初始化窗口位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

封装

package com.gui.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 展示多个窗口
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.green);
    }
}

// 封装
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id = 0;      // 可能存在多个从窗口，计数器

    public MyFrame(int x, int y, int w, int h, Color color){
        super("MyFrame"+(++(id)));      //调用父类
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x, y, w, h);
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

Panel

可以看成是一个空间，但是不能单独存在

package com.gui.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //布局的概念
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        //设置布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300, 300, 500, 500);
        frame.setBackground(Color.green);

        //panel 设置坐标，相对于 frame
        panel.setBounds(50, 50, 400, 400);
        panel.setBackground(Color.red);

        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        //监听事件， 监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0)
        //适配器模式
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            // 窗口关闭时需要做的事情，结束程序
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

2.3. 布局管理器

流式布局

package com.gui.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFlowLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        // 组件-按钮
        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");

        //设置为流式布局
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

        frame.setSize(200, 200);

        //添加按钮
        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);

        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

东西南北中

package com.gui.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestBorderLayout {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button east = new Button("East");
        Button west = new Button("West");
        Button south = new Button("South");
        Button north = new Button("North");
        Button center = new Button("Center");

        frame.add(east, BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame.add(west, BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame.add(south, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.add(north, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(center, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.setSize(500, 500);

        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

表格布局 Grid

package com.gui.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestGrid {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");
        Button button5 = new Button("button5");
        Button button6 = new Button("button6");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 2));

        frame.add(button1);
        frame.add(button2);
        frame.add(button3);
        frame.add(button4);
        frame.add(button5);
        frame.add(button6);

        frame.pack();   //java函数，自动填充
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }



}

Demo

在这里插入图片描述

package com.gui.lesson01;

import java.awt.*;

public class EXDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button button1 = new Button("button1");
        Button button2 = new Button("button2");
        Button button3 = new Button("button3");
        Button button4 = new Button("button4");
        Button button5 = new Button("button5");
        Button button6 = new Button("button6");
        Button button7 = new Button("button7");
        Button button8 = new Button("button8");
        Button button9 = new Button("button9");
        Button button10 = new Button("button10");

        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1));

        // 使用面板 添加组件
        Panel panel1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        Panel panel3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel panel4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 2));

        panel1.add(button1, BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel2.add(button2);
        panel2.add(button3);
        panel1.add(button4, BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel1.add(panel2, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        panel3.add(button5, BorderLayout.EAST);
        panel4.add(button6);
        panel4.add(button7);
        panel4.add(button8);
        panel4.add(button9);
        panel3.add(button10, BorderLayout.WEST);
        panel3.add(panel4, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(panel1);
        frame.add(panel3);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

总结：

Frame 是一个顶级窗口
Panel 无法单独显示，必须添加到某个容器中
布局管理器
流式布局
东西南北中
表格
大小、定位、背景颜色、可见性、监听

2.4. 事件监听

事件监听：当发生某个事情的时候，应该干什么

package com.gui.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        //因为，addActionListener()需要一个 ActionListener，所以需要构造一个 ActionListener
        MyActionListner myActionListner = new MyActionListner();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListner);

        frame.add(button, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

        windowColose(frame);    //关闭窗口
    }

    //关闭窗体的事件
    private static void windowColose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}


//事件监听
class MyActionListner implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

多个按钮共享一个事件

package com.gui.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestActionEvent2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮，实现同一个监听
        //开始  停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("start-stop");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        //可以显示定义触发会返回的命令，如果不显示定义，则会走默认值
        //可以多个按钮只写一个监听类
        button2.setActionCommand("button-stop");

        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.add(button1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }
}

class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //e.getActionCommand() 获得按钮的信息
        System.out.println("msg:"+e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

2.5. 输入框监听

package com.gui.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TesttEXT01 {
    //启动
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);     //继承之后直接调用

        //监听文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        //按下回车触发输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        //设置替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');     //全部替换为 *

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}

//需要监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField)e.getSource();  //获得一些资源
        System.out.println(field.getText());    //获得输入框的文本
        field.setText("");      //null是对象 空值""
    }
}

2.6 简易计算器，组合+内部类回顾复习

oop原则：组合，大于继承

class A extends B{

}
class A{
    public B b;
}

面向对象

package com.gui.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{

    //属性
    TextField num1, num2, num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10); //字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10); //字符数
        num3 = new TextField(20); //字符数

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));

        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //设置布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }

    public Calculator(){

    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

    //获取计算器对象，在一个类中组合另外一个类
    Calculator calculator = null;

    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1. 获得加数和被加数
        //2. 将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
        //3. 清除前两个框

        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");

    }
}

内部类，更好的包装：

package com.gui.lesson02;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{

    //属性
    TextField num1, num2, num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //3个文本框
        num1 = new TextField(10); //字符数
        num2 = new TextField(10); //字符数
        num3 = new TextField(20); //字符数

        //1个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());

        //1个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //设置布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }

    //监听器类
    //内部类最大的好处，就是可以畅通无阻的方文外部类的属性和方法
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1. 获得加数和被加数
            //2. 将这个值加法运算后放到第三个框
            //3. 清除前两个框
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

2.7 画笔

package com.gui.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame{

    public void loadFrame(){
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(200, 200, 600, 400);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画笔，需要有颜色，画笔可以画画
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        //g.drawOval(100,100,100,100);
        g.fillOval(100,100,100,100);

        g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        g.fillRect(150, 200, 200, 200);

        //养成习惯，画笔用完将它还原到最初的颜色
    }
}

2.8 鼠标监听

目的：想要实现鼠标画画

在这里插入图片描述

package com.gui.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouseListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔，需要监听鼠标当前的位置，需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;

    public MyFrame(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200, 200, 400, 300);
        //存鼠标的点
        points = new ArrayList<>();

        //鼠标监听器，针对这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());

        setVisible(true);

    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画，监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            g.fillOval(point.x, point.y, 10, 10);
        }
    }

    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    //适配器模式，直接 implement 需要实现所有的方法
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {

        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            //点击的时候就会在界面上产生一个点！画
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            myFrame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(), e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            myFrame.repaint();  //刷新     30帧
        }
    }
}

2.9 窗口监听

package com.gui.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindow {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame(){
        setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        setBackground(Color.green);
        setVisible(true);

        //匿名内部类
        this.addWindowListener(
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    //关闭窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("windowClosing");
                        System.exit(0);
                    }
                    //激活窗口
                    @Override
                    public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                        WindowFrame windowFrame = (WindowFrame) e.getSource();
                        windowFrame.setTitle("被激活了");
                        System.out.println("windowActivated");
                    }
                }
        );
    }
}

2.10 键盘监听

package com.gui.lesson03;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new KeyFrame();
    }
}

class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame(){
        setBounds(1,2, 300, 400);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获得键盘下的是哪一个
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();   //不需要记录这个数值，直接使用静态属性 VK_XXX
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
                //根据不同的按键产生不同的事件
            }
        });
    }
}

3. Swing

3.1 窗口、面板

JFrame，Container

package com.gui.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJFrame2().init();
    }
}

class MyJFrame2 extends JFrame{
    public void init(){
        this.setBounds(10, 10, 200, 300);
        this.setVisible(true);

        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("欢迎");
        this.add(jLabel);

        //让文本居中     设置水平对齐
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        //获取一个容器    在容器中才会生效
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.YELLOW);

        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

3.2 弹窗

JDialog，用来被弹出，默认就有关闭操作

package com.gui.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {

    //构造器
    public DialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(700, 500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame 放东西，容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);

        //按钮
        JButton jButton = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");     //创建对象
        jButton.setBounds(30, 30, 200, 50);

        //点击按钮的时候，弹出一个弹窗
        jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {    //监听器
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });

        container.add(jButton);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo();
    }
}

//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo(){
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 500, 500);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(null);

        container.add(new Label("欢迎"));
    }
}

3.3 标签

label

new JLabel("xxx");

图标icon

图片icon

package com.gui.lesson04;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {

    public ImageIconDemo(){
        //获取图片的地址
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("ImageIcon");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("img.png");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        jLabel.setIcon(imageIcon);
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(jLabel);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

3.4 面板

JPanel

package com.gui.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {

    public JPanelDemo(){
        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 10, 10));

        JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
        JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        JPanel jPanel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        JPanel jPanel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 2));
        jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));

        container.add(jPanel1);
        container.add(jPanel2);
        container.add(jPanel3);
        container.add(jPanel4);

        setVisible(true);
        setSize(500, 500);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

JSrollPanel

package com.gui.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {

    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        jTextArea.setText("欢迎学习");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
        container.add(jScrollPane);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 300, 350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.5 按钮

图片按钮

package com.gui.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo extends JFrame {

    // 用构造函数初始化
    // 或者 init 函数
    public JButtonDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        URL url = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("image.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);

        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(imageIcon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        //add
        container.add(button);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(300, 300);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo();
    }
}

单选按钮

package com.gui.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo extends JFrame {

    // 用构造函数初始化
    // 或者 init 函数
    public JButtonDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        URL url = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("image.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);

        // 单选框
        JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");

        //由于单选框只能选择一个，分组
        //一个组中只能选择一个
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton3);

        container.add(jRadioButton1, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(jRadioButton2, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(jRadioButton3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(300, 300);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo();
    }
}

复选按钮

package com.gui.lesson05;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo extends JFrame {

    // 用构造函数初始化
    // 或者 init 函数
    public JButtonDemo(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();
        URL url = JButtonDemo.class.getResource("image.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);

        //多选框
        JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("checkbox1");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("checkbox2");

        container.add(jCheckBox1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(jCheckBox2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(300, 300);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo();
    }
}

3.6 列表

下拉框

package com.gui.lesson06;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestComboboxDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public TestComboboxDemo01(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox<Object> status = new JComboBox<>();

        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在热映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");

        container.add(status);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500, 350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo01();
    }
}

列表框

package com.gui.lesson06;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class TestComboboxDemo02 extends JFrame {

    public TestComboboxDemo02(){
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //生成列表的内容   稀疏数组
        //String[] contents = {"1", "2", "3"};
        Vector contents = new Vector();

        contents.add("zzzz");
        contents.add("abc");
        contents.add("jjjj");
        contents.add("jjkl");

        //列表中需要放内容
        JList<Object> JList = new JList<>(contents);

        container.add(JList);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500, 350);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestComboboxDemo02();
    }
}

应用场景

选择地区，或者一些单个选项
列表，展示信息，一般是动态扩容

3.7 文本框

文本框

package com.gui.lesson06;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public TestTextDemo01(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JTextField jTextField1 = new JTextField("hello");
        JTextField jTextField2 = new JTextField("world", 20);

        container.add(jTextField1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(jTextField2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(300, 500);
        this.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo01();
    }
}

密码框

package com.gui.lesson06;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TestTextDemo02 extends JFrame {

    public TestTextDemo02(){

        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');

        container.add(passwordField);

        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setSize(300, 500);
        this.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestTextDemo02();
    }
}

文本域

JTextArea

贪吃蛇

帧，如果时间片足够小，就是动画，一秒30帧，60帧，连起来是动画，拆开就是静态的图片

键盘监听

定时器 Timer

定义数据
画上去
监听事件

键盘
事件

StartGame

package com.gui.snake;

import javax.swing.*;

//游戏的主启动类
public class StartGame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();

        //正常的游戏界面都应该在面板上
        frame.add(new GamePanel());

        frame.setBounds(10, 10, 900, 720);
        frame.setResizable(false);      //窗口大小不可变
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

Data

package com.gui.snake;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;

//数据中心
public class Data {

    //相对路径 header.png
    //绝对路径  / 相当于当前的项目
    public static URL headerURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/header.png");
    public static ImageIcon header = new ImageIcon(headerURL);

    public static URL upURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/up.png");
    public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(upURL);

    public static URL downURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/down.png");
    public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(downURL);

    public static URL leftURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/left.png");
    public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(leftURL);

    public static URL rightURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/right.png");
    public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(rightURL);

    public static URL bodyURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/body.png");
    public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(bodyURL);

    public static URL foodURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/food.png");
    public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(foodURL);
}

GamePanel

package com.gui.snake;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.util.Random;

//游戏的面板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {

    //定义蛇的数据结构
    int length;     //蛇的长度
    int[] snakeX = new int[600];    //蛇的X坐标 25*25
    int[] snakeY = new int[500];    //蛇的Y坐标 25*25
    String fx;

    //食物的坐标
    int foodX;
    int foodY;
    Random random = new Random();

    //游戏当前的状态
    boolean isStart = false;    //默认是不开始

    //游戏状态
    boolean isFail = false;     //判断游戏是否失败

    //积分
    int score;

    //定时器
    Timer timer = new Timer(100, this);     //100ms执行一次

    //构造器
    //构造时自动初始化
    public GamePanel(){
        this.init();
        //获得焦点和键盘事件
        this.setFocusable(true);    //获得焦点事件
        this.addKeyListener(this);  //获得键盘监听事件
        timer.start();  //游戏一开始定时器就启动
    }

    //初始化方法
    public void init(){
        this.length = 3;
        this.snakeX[0] = 100;this.snakeY[0] = 100;      //脑袋的坐标
        this.snakeX[1] = 75;this.snakeY[1] = 100;      //第一个身体的坐标
        this.snakeX[2] = 50;this.snakeY[2] = 100;      //第二个身体的坐标
        this.fx = "R";      //初始方向向右
        //把食物随机分配在页面上
        this.foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
        this.foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);
        this.score = 0;
    }

    //绘制面板
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        //绘制静态面板
        this.setBackground(Color.white);
        Data.header.paintIcon(this, g, 25, 11);     //头部广告栏画上去
        g.fillRect(25, 75, 850,600);    //默认的游戏界面

        //把小蛇画上去
        if (fx.equals("R")){
            Data.right.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);    //蛇头初始化向右，需要通过方向来判断
        }else if (fx.equals("L")){
            Data.left.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }else if (fx.equals("U")){
            Data.up.paintIcon(this,g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }else if (fx.equals("D")){
            Data.down.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }

        for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
            Data.body.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[i], snakeY[i]);     //第一个身体
        }

        Data.food.paintIcon(this, g, foodX, foodY);

        //游戏状态
        if (isStart == false){
            g.setColor(Color.white);
            //设置字体
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏", 300, 300);
        }

        //判断游戏是否失败
        if (isFail){
            g.setColor(Color.red);
            //设置字体
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("失败，按下空格重新开始", 300, 300);
        }

        //画积分
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 18));
        g.drawString("长度"+this.length, 750, 35);
        g.drawString("分数"+this.score, 750, 50);
    }

    //键盘监听事件
    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();       //获得键盘按键是哪一个

        if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){
            //如果按下的是空格键
            if (isFail){
                //重新开始
                isFail = false;
                this.init();
            }else {
                isStart = !isStart; //取反
            }
            repaint();
        }
        //小蛇移动
        if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
            fx = "U";
        }else if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN){
            fx = "D";
        }else if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT){
            fx = "L";
        }else if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT){
            fx = "R";
        }
    }

    //事件监听，需要通过固定的事件来监听
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if (isStart && isFail == false){
            // 如果游戏是开始状态，就让小蛇动起来

            //吃食物
            if (snakeX[0] == foodX && snakeY[0] == foodY){
                length++;
                //分数加10
                score += 10;
                //重新生成食物
                this.foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
                this.foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);
            }

            //移动
            for (int i = length-1; i > 0; i--) {
                snakeX[i] = snakeX[i-1];    //向前移动一截
                snakeY[i] = snakeY[i-1];
            }

            //走向
            if (fx.equals("R")){
                snakeX[0] = snakeX[0] + 25;
                //边界判断
                if (snakeX[0] > 850){
                    snakeX[0] = 25;
                }
            }else if (fx.equals("L")){
                snakeX[0] = snakeX[0] - 25;
                if (snakeX[0] < 25){
                    snakeX[0] = 850;
                }
            }else if (fx.equals("U")){
                snakeY[0] = snakeY[0] - 25;
                if (snakeY[0] < 75){
                    snakeY[0] = 650;
                }
            }else if (fx.equals("D")){
                snakeY[0] = snakeY[0] + 25;
                if (snakeY[0] > 650){
                    snakeY[0] = 75;
                }
            }

            //失败判定，撞到自己就算失败
            for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
                if (snakeX[0] == snakeX[i] && snakeY[0] == snakeY[i]){
                    isFail = true;
                }
            }

            repaint();  //重画页面
        }
        timer.start();  //定时器开启
    }

    @Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {

    }

    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {

    }

}

xxx_Hong

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10-GUI编程

GUI编程组件：窗口弹窗面板文本框列表框按钮图片监听事件鼠标键盘事件1. 简介GUI核心技术：Swing AWT需要 jre 环境GUI：图形用户接口编程MVC架构基础2. AWT2.1 AWT介绍Abstract windows tools包含了很多类和接口元素：窗口、按钮、文本框java.awt2.2 组件和容器Framepackage com.gui.lesson01;import
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