Android中创建快捷方式

在Android中创建快捷方式是很普遍的，是增加流量的一种方式。如果是原生系统，直接调用系统API就行了，但是众多厂商都有自己定制的桌面（Launcher），因此导致在适配、兼容方面存在很多问题。暂时虽然没有办法搞定所有的，但是仍然需要寻求一个最优的方案。

一、简单实现

增加快捷方式，这个需要在manifest文件中添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT"/>

具体实现：

/**
     * 创建快捷方式
     * 
     * @param name
     * @param icon
     * @param intent
     */
    public void installShortCut(String name, int icon, Intent intent) {
        Intent shortcut = new Intent("com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT");

        // 快捷方式的名称
        shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, name);
        shortcut.putExtra("duplicate", false); // 不允许重复创建

        // 快捷方式的图标
        ShortcutIconResource iconRes = ShortcutIconResource.fromContext(mContext, icon);
        shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON_RESOURCE, iconRes);

        intent.setAction("android.intent.action.MAIN");// 桌面图标和应用绑定，卸载应用后系统会同时自动删除图标
        intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.LAUNCHER");// 桌面图标和应用绑定，卸载应用后系统会同时自动删除图标
        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED);
        shortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, intent);

        mContext.sendBroadcast(shortcut);
    }

删除快捷方式也很简单，添加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT" />

具体实现：

/**
     * 删除桌面快捷方式
     * @param context
     * @param shortcutName
     * 快捷方式名
     * @param actionIntent
     * 快捷方式操作，也就是上面创建的Intent
     * @param isDuplicate
     * 为true时循环删除快捷方式（即存在很多相同的快捷方式）
     */
    public static void deleteShortcut(Context context , String shortcutName ,
                                      Intent actionIntent , boolean isDuplicate) {
        Intent shortcutIntent = new Intent ("com.android.launcher.action.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT");
        shortcutIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME ,shortcutName);
        shortcutIntent.putExtra("duplicate" , isDuplicate);
        shortcutIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT , actionIntent);
        context.sendBroadcast(shortcutIntent);
    }

修改快捷方式，需要增加权限：

<uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
<uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />

如果适配所有桌面，需要加上下面所列出的权限，这些权限不一定全，个别手机还是没有涵盖。

<uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher2.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher2.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher3.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher3.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="org.adw.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="org.adw.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.htc.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.htc.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.qihoo360.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.qihoo360.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.lge.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.lge.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="net.qihoo.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="net.qihoo.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="org.adwfreak.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="org.adwfreak.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="org.adw.launcher_donut.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="org.adw.launcher_donut.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.huawei.launcher3.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.huawei.launcher3.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.fede.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.fede.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.sec.android.app.twlauncher.settings.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.sec.android.app.twlauncher.settings.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.anddoes.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.anddoes.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.tencent.qqlauncher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.tencent.qqlauncher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.huawei.launcher2.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.huawei.launcher2.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.mylauncher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.mylauncher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.ebproductions.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.ebproductions.android.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.oppo.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.oppo.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.huawei.android.launcher.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="com.huawei.android.launcher.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="telecom.mdesk.permission.READ_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="telecom.mdesk.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
    <uses-permission android:name="dianxin.permission.ACCESS_LAUNCHER_DATA" />

最后加上一个判断快捷方式是否存在的方法：

public String getLauncherPackageName(Context context) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
        intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_HOME);
        ResolveInfo res = context.getPackageManager()
                .resolveActivity(intent, 0);
        if (res.activityInfo == null) {
            return "";
        }
        if (res.activityInfo.packageName.equals("android")) {
            return "";
        } else {
            return res.activityInfo.packageName;
        }
    }

    public boolean hasShortcut(String name) {
        String url;

        String packageName = getLauncherPackageName(mContext);
        if (packageName == null || packageName.equals("")
                || packageName.equals("com.android.launcher")) {
            int sdkInt = android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT;
            if (sdkInt < 8) { // Android 2.1.x(API 7)以及以下的
                packageName = "com.android.launcher.settings";
            } else if (sdkInt < 19) {// Android 4.4以下
                packageName = "com.android.launcher2.settings";
            } else {// 4.4以及以上
                packageName = "com.android.launcher3.settings";
            }
        }

        url = "content://" + packageName + ".settings/favorites?notify=true";
        try {
            ContentResolver resolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
            Cursor cursor = resolver.query(Uri.parse(url), new String[] {
                            "title", "iconResource" }, "title=?",
                    new String[] { name }, null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.getCount() > 0) {
                return true;
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (e != null) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        return false;
    }

工具类地址：https://github.com/xuwt/Utils/blob/master/LauncherUtils.java

参考：http://blog.zanlabs.com/2015/03/14/android-shortcut-summary/