以下我在知道结论后自己证出的三个公式,相互关联的。虽然不难,但还是有一定成就感,顺便学习一下markdown怎么编辑数学公式
markdown数学公式
1.和角公式
∠
A
O
B
=
α
∠AOB=\alpha
∠AOB=α
∠
B
O
D
=
β
∠BOD=\beta
∠BOD=β
S
Δ
A
O
C
+
S
四
边
形
A
B
D
C
=
S
Δ
A
O
B
+
S
Δ
B
O
D
S_{\Delta AOC}+S_{四边形ABDC}=S_{\Delta AOB}+S_{\Delta BOD}
SΔAOC+S四边形ABDC=SΔAOB+SΔBOD
[
cos
(
α
+
β
)
⋅
sin
(
α
+
β
)
/
2
]
+
{
[
sin
β
+
sin
(
α
+
β
)
]
⋅
[
cos
β
−
c
o
s
(
α
+
β
)
]
}
=
(
1
×
1
⋅
sin
α
/
2
)
+
(
sin
β
⋅
cos
β
/
2
)
[\cos(\alpha+\beta)\cdot\sin(\alpha+\beta)/2]+\lbrace[\sin\beta+\sin(\alpha+\beta)] \cdot[\cos\beta-cos(\alpha+\beta)]\rbrace=(1\times1\cdot\sin\alpha/2)+(\sin\beta\cdot\cos\beta/2)
[cos(α+β)⋅sin(α+β)/2]+{[sinβ+sin(α+β)]⋅[cosβ−cos(α+β)]}=(1×1⋅sinα/2)+(sinβ⋅cosβ/2)
各项拆开,化简后得到:
sin
α
=
sin
(
α
+
β
)
cos
β
−
sin
β
cos
(
α
+
β
)
\sin\alpha=\sin(\alpha+\beta)\cos\beta-\sin\beta\cos(\alpha+\beta)
sinα=sin(α+β)cosβ−sinβcos(α+β)
cos
\cos
cos,
tan
\tan
tan也同理可证
2.向量旋转公式
A
(
x
2
,
y
2
)
A(x2,y2)
A(x2,y2)
B
(
x
1
,
y
1
)
B(x1,y1)
B(x1,y1)
∠
A
O
B
=
α
∠AOB=\alpha
∠AOB=α
∠
B
O
C
=
β
∠BOC=\beta
∠BOC=β
设
l
=
x
1
2
+
x
2
2
l=\sqrt{x1^2+x2^2}
l=x12+x22
则
C
(
l
,
0
)
C(l,0)
C(l,0)
A
(
l
cos
(
α
+
β
)
,
l
sin
(
α
+
β
)
)
A(l\cos(\alpha+\beta),l\sin(\alpha+\beta))
A(lcos(α+β),lsin(α+β))
B
(
l
cos
β
,
l
sin
β
)
B(l\cos\beta,l\sin\beta)
B(lcosβ,lsinβ)
所以
x
1
=
l
cos
β
x1=l\cos\beta
x1=lcosβ
y
1
=
l
sin
β
y1=l\sin\beta
y1=lsinβ
根据和角公式,
A
(
l
cos
α
cos
β
−
l
sin
α
sin
β
,
l
sin
α
cos
β
+
l
cos
α
sin
β
)
A(l\cos\alpha\cos\beta-l\sin\alpha\sin\beta,l\sin\alpha\cos\beta+l\cos\alpha\sin\beta)
A(lcosαcosβ−lsinαsinβ,lsinαcosβ+lcosαsinβ)
A
(
x
1
cos
α
−
y
1
sin
α
,
x
1
sin
α
+
y
1
cos
α
)
A(x1\cos\alpha-y1\sin\alpha,x1\sin\alpha+y1\cos\alpha)
A(x1cosα−y1sinα,x1sinα+y1cosα)
在复平面中时,根据欧拉公式
(
x
1
cos
α
−
y
1
sin
α
)
+
(
x
1
sin
α
+
y
1
cos
α
)
i
=
(
x
1
+
y
1
⋅
i
)
(
cos
α
+
sin
α
⋅
i
)
=
(
x
1
+
y
1
⋅
i
)
⋅
e
i
α
(x1\cos\alpha-y1\sin\alpha)+(x1\sin\alpha+y1\cos\alpha)i=(x1+y1\cdot i)(\cos\alpha+\sin\alpha\cdot i)=(x1+y1\cdot i)\cdot e^{i\alpha}
(x1cosα−y1sinα)+(x1sinα+y1cosα)i=(x1+y1⋅i)(cosα+sinα⋅i)=(x1+y1⋅i)⋅eiα
3.复数的ln
A
(
a
,
b
)
A(a,b)
A(a,b)
B
(
a
2
+
b
2
,
0
)
B(\sqrt{a^2+b^2},0)
B(a2+b2,0)
则
O
A
⃗
=
a
+
b
i
\vec{OA}=a+bi
OA=a+bi
O
B
⃗
=
a
2
+
b
2
\vec{OB}=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}
OB=a2+b2
设
θ
=
∠
A
O
B
\theta=∠AOB
θ=∠AOB
则
O
A
⃗
=
O
B
⃗
⋅
e
i
θ
\vec{OA}=\vec{OB}\cdot e^{i\theta}
OA=OB⋅eiθ
a
+
b
i
=
a
2
+
b
2
⋅
e
i
θ
a+bi=\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\cdot e^{i\theta}
a+bi=a2+b2⋅eiθ
两边同时
l
n
ln
ln,因为
θ
=
a
r
c
t
a
n
b
a
\theta=arctan \frac{b}{a}
θ=arctanab
所以
l
n
(
a
+
b
i
)
=
l
n
(
a
2
+
b
2
)
2
+
a
r
c
t
a
n
b
a
⋅
i
ln(a+bi)=\frac{ln(a^2+b^2)}{2}+arctan \frac{b}{a}\cdot i
ln(a+bi)=2ln(a2+b2)+arctanab⋅i
如果有什么地方出现错误,欢迎指正