Redis-Scrapy分布式爬虫：当当网图书为例

Scrapy-Redis分布式策略：

Scrapy_redis在scrapy的基础上实现了更多，更强大的功能，具体体现在：

reqeust去重，爬虫持久化，和轻松实现分布式

假设有四台电脑：Windows 10、Mac OS X、Ubuntu 16.04、CentOS 7.2，任意一台电脑都可以作为 Master端 或 Slaver端，比如：

• Master端(核心服务器) ：使用 Windows 10，搭建一个Redis数据库，不负责爬取，只负责url指纹判重、Request的分配，以及数据的存储

• Slaver端(爬虫程序执行端) ：使用 Mac OS X 、Ubuntu 16.04、CentOS 7.2，负责执行爬虫程序，运行过程中提交新的Request给Master

1. 首先Slaver端从Master端拿任务（Request、url）进行数据抓取，Slaver抓取数据的同时，产生新任务的Request便提交给 Master 处理；

2. Master端只有一个Redis数据库，负责将未处理的Request去重和任务分配，将处理后的Request加入待爬队列，并且存储爬取的数据。

Scrapy-Redis默认使用的就是这种策略，我们实现起来很简单，因为任务调度等工作Scrapy-Redis都已经帮我们做好了，我们只需要继承RedisSpider、指定redis_key就行了。

缺点是，Scrapy-Redis调度的任务是Request对象，里面信息量比较大（不仅包含url，还有callback函数、headers等信息），可能导致的结果就是会降低爬虫速度、而且会占用Redis大量的存储空间，所以如果要保证效率，那么就需要一定硬件水平。

当当网图书信息抓取案例：

1、创建Scrapy项目

使用全局命令startproject创建项目，创建新文件夹并且使用命令进入文件夹，创建一个名为jingdong的Scrapy项目。

[python]  view plain  copy

1. scrapy startproject dangdang  

2.使用项目命令genspider创建Spider

[python]  view plain  copy

1. scrapy genspider dangdang dangdang.com

3、发送请求，接受响应，提取数据

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy_redis.spiders import  RedisSpider
from copy import deepcopy

class DangdangSpider(RedisSpider):
    name = 'dangdang'
    allowed_domains = ['dangdang.com']
    # start_urls = ['http://book.dangdang.com/']
    redis_key = "dangdang"

    def parse(self, response):
        div_list = response.xpath("//div[@class='con flq_body']/div")
        # print(len(div_list),"("*100)
        for div in div_list:#大分类
            item = {}
            item["b_cate"] = div.xpath("./dl/dt//text()").extract()
            #中间分类
            dl_list = div.xpath("./div//dl[@class='inner_dl']")
            # print(len(dl_list),")"*100)
            for dl in dl_list:
                item["m_cate"] = dl.xpath("./dt/a/text()").extract_first()
                #获取小分类
                a_list = dl.xpath("./dd/a")
                # print("-"*100,len(a_list))
                for a in a_list:
                    item["s_cate"] = a.xpath("./@title").extract_first()
                    item["s_href"] = a.xpath("./@href").extract_first()
                    if item["s_href"] is not None:
                        yield scrapy.Request(  #发送图书列表页的请求
                            item["s_href"],
                            callback=self.parse_book_list,
                            meta = {"item":deepcopy(item)}
                        )

    def parse_book_list(self,response):
        item = response.meta["item"]
        li_list = response.xpath("//ul[@class='bigimg']/li")
        for li in li_list:
            item["book_title"] = li.xpath("./a/@title").extract_first()
            item["book_href"] = li.xpath("./a/@href").extract_first()
            item["book_detail"] = li.xpath("./p[@class='detail']/text()").extract_first()
            item["book_price"] = li.xpath(".//span[@class='search_now_price']/text()").extract_first()
            item["book_author"] = li.xpath("./p[@class='search_book_author']/span[1]/a/@title").extract_first()
            item["book_publish_date"] = li.xpath("./p[@class='search_book_author']/span[2]/text()").extract_first()
            item["book_press"] = li.xpath("./p[@class='search_book_author']/span[3]/a/@title").extract_first()
            print(item)

4.pipelines设置保存文件：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


class BookPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        item["book_name"] = item["book_name"].strip() if item["book_name"] is not None else None
        item["book_publish_date"] = item["book_publish_date"].strip() if item["book_publish_date"] is not None else None
        print(item)
        # return item

5.配置settings设置，文件保存在redis中：

注意：setting中的配置都是可以自己设定的，意味着我们的可以重写去重和调度器的方法，包括是否要把数据存储到redis(pipeline)view plain cop

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for book project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'book'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['book.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'book.spiders'

#实现scrapyredis的功能，持久化的功能
DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"
SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"
SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True
REDIS_URL = "redis://127.0.0.1:6379"

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_0) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'book.middlewares.BookSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'book.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
   'book.pipelines.BookPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

6.进行爬取：执行项目命令crawl，启动Spider：

[python]  view plain  copy

1. scrapy crawl dangdang

 

注意：setting中的配置都是可以自己设定的，意味着我们的可以重写去重和调度器的方法，包括是否要把数据存储到redis(pipeline)] view plain  cop