Linux学习--磁盘分区格式化

磁盘分区(小于2T硬盘)

通过手动对磁盘进行分区

[root@localhost scripts]# fdisk /dev/sdb

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').
#【n】表示创建一个新的磁盘分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
#【p】表示创建主分区
p
#数字表示分区号码
Partition number (1-4): 1
#开始柱面
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 
Using default value 1
#结束柱面(一般设置的分区大小，通过K,M,G)
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +5G
#【w】表示保存退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

通过脚本方式对磁盘进行分区

#formatdisk.txt文件中记录了创建两个主分区的磁盘信息
[root@localhost scripts]# cat formatdisk.txt
#格式化磁盘，创建第一个分区
n
p
1

+5G
#创建第二个分区
n
p
2

+5G
w

#!/bin/bash
#

#1.格式化命令
DISKPATH=/dev/sdb
PROFILE=/root/scripts/formatdisk.txt
#通过输入重定向的方式将formatdisk.txt文件中的信息读入到fdisk命令中
fdisk $DISKPATH < $PROFILE &> /dev/null

格式化分区

#mkfs.ext4 将/dev/sdb1分区格式化为ext4文件系统
[root@localhost media]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
328656 inodes, 1313305 blocks
65665 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1346371584
41 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8016 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 
done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

临时挂载分区

[root@localhost /]# cd /media
[root@localhost media]# mkdir testfs
[root@localhost media]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /media/testfs
[root@localhost media]# cd testfs
[root@localhost testfs]# ls
lost+found
#挂载完成后，如目录中显示了lost+found目录，则挂载成功，可以创建文件

永久挂载磁盘分区

修改/etc/fstab文件,将/dev/sdb1对应的挂载信息进行添加，添加完成后保存退出即可。

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Jan  1 04:42:07 2021
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=d0c33f41-64bb-42a6-94b9-f9c500e41c0d /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/sr0                /mnt                    iso9660 defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1               /media/testfs           ext4    defaults        0 0