string(模拟实现)

string模拟实现代码

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <assert.h>

using namespace std;

namespace xcj
{
	class string
	{
	public:
		typedef char* iterator;

		iterator begin()//起始位置
		{
			return _str;
		}

		iterator end()// \0位置
		{
			return _str+_size;
		}

		string(const char* str = "")//构造函数
			:_size(strlen(str))
			,_capacity(_size)
		{
			_str = new char[_capacity + 1];
			strcpy(_str, str);
		}

		//拷贝构造
		string(const string& s)
		{
			_str = new char[s._capacity+1];
			strcpy(_str, s._str);
			_size = s._size;
			_capacity = s._capacity;
		}

		//赋值
		string& operator=(const string& s)
		{
			if (this != &s)
			{
				char* tmp = new char[s._capacity + 1];
				strcpy(tmp, s._str);
				delete[] _str;
				_str = tmp;
				_size = s._size;
				_capacity = s._capacity;
			}
			return *this;
		}

		~string()//析构函数
		{
			delete[]_str;
			_str = nullptr;
			_size = _capacity = 0;
		}
		const char* c_str()
		{
			return _str;
		}

	    char& operator[](size_t pos)//重定义[]
		{
			//读写
			assert(pos < _size);
			return _str[pos];
		}

		const char& operator[](size_t pos) const //重定义[]
		{
			//只读不写
			assert(pos < _size);
			return _str[pos];
		}

		size_t capacity()const
		{
			return _capacity;
		}

		size_t size()const
		{
			return _size;
		}

		void reserve(size_t n)//增容
		{
			if (n > _capacity)
			{
				//开辟新的更大的空间 再把_str拷贝过去
				char* tmp = new char[n + 1];
				strcpy(tmp, _str);
				//释放原有_str
				delete[]_str;
				_str = tmp;
				_capacity = n;
			}
		}

		size_t find(char ch, size_t pos=0)//查找字符
		{
			for (size_t i = pos;i < _size; i++)
			{
				if (_str[i] == ch)
				{
					return i;
				}
			}

			return npos;
		}

		size_t find(const char* sub, size_t pos = 0)//查找字符串
		{
			const char* p = strstr(_str+pos, sub);
			if (p)
			{
				return p - _str;
			}
			else
			{
				return npos;
			}
		}

		string substr(size_t pos, size_t len = npos)//从pos位置取长度为len的字符串
		{
			string s;
			size_t end = pos + len;
			if (len == npos || pos + len > _size)//有多少取多少
			{
				len = _size - pos;
				end = _size;
			}	
			s.reserve(len);
			for (size_t i = pos; i < end ; i++)
			{
				s += _str[i];
			}
			return s;
		}

		void push_back(char ch)//尾插字符
		{
			if (_size == _capacity)
			{
				reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : (_capacity * 2));
			}
			_str[_size] = ch;
			++_size;
			_str[_size] = '\0';
		}

		void append(const char* str)//尾插字符串
		{
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			if (_size + len>_capacity)
			{
				reserve(_size + len);
			}
			strcpy(_str + _size, str);
			_size += len;
		}

		string& operator+=(char ch)//重定义 +=
		{
			push_back(ch);
			return *this;
		}

		string& operator+=(const char* str)//重定义+= 
		{
			append(str);
			return *this;
		}

		void insert(size_t pos, char ch) //在pos位置插ch
		{
			assert(pos <= _size);
			if (_size == _capacity)
			{
				reserve(_capacity == 0 ? 4 : (_capacity * 2));
			}
			//当前这种方法不能进行头插end会变成-1,进行类型提升后会死循环
			/*size_t end = _size;
			while (end >= pos)
			{
				_str[end + 1] = _str[end];
				--end;
			}*/
			//解决方法1
			/*int end = _size;
			while (end >= (int)pos)
			{
				_str[end + 1] = _str[end];
				--end;
			}*/
			//解决方法2
			size_t end = _size;
			while (end > pos)
			{
				_str[end] = _str[end-1];
				--end;
			}
			_str[pos] = ch;
			_size++;
		}

		void insert(size_t pos, const char* str)//在pos位置插入str字符串
		{
			assert(pos <= _size);
			size_t len = strlen(str);
			if (_size + len > _capacity)
			{
				reserve(_size + len);
			}

			int end = _size;
			while (end >= (int)pos)
			{
				_str[end + len] = _str[end];
				--end;
			}

			strncpy(_str + pos, str,len);
			_size += len;
		}

		void erase(size_t pos, size_t len=npos)//在pos位置删除长度为npos的字符
		{
			assert(pos <= _size);
			if (len == npos || len+pos>=_size)
			{
				_str[pos] = '\0';
				_size = pos;
			}
			else
			{
				size_t begin = pos + len;
				while (begin <= _size)
				{
					_str[pos] = _str[begin];
					++begin;
					++pos;
				}
				_size -= len;
			}

		}

		void resize(size_t n, char ch='\0')
		{
			if (n <= _size)//小于_size时是删除
			{
				_str[n] = '\0';
				_size = n;
			}
			else
			{
				//大于_size时是尾插
				reserve(n);
				while (_size < n)
				{
					_str[_size] = ch;
					++_size;
				}

				_str[_size] = '\0'; 
			}
		}

		bool operator<(const string& s) const
		{
			return strcmp(_str, s._str) < 0;
		}
		bool operator==(const string& s) const
		{
			return strcmp(_str, s._str) == 0;
		}
		bool operator<=(const string& s) const
		{
			return *this < s || *this == s;
		}
		bool operator>(const string& s) const
		{
			return !(*this <= s);
		}
		bool operator>=(const string& s) const
		{
			return !(*this < s);
		}
		bool operator!=(const string& s) const
		{
			return !(*this == s);
		}

		void clear()
		{
			_str[0] = '\0';
			_size = 0;
		}

	private:
		char* _str;
		size_t _size;
		size_t _capacity;

	public:
		//只针对const静态整型可以在类中 定义初始化
		//const static size_t npos=-1;//特例
		const static size_t npos;
	};

	const size_t string:: npos = -1;

	ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const string& s)
	{
		for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); i++)
		{
			out << s[i];
		}
		return out;
	}

	istream& operator>>(istream& in, string& s)
	{
		s.clear();

		char buff[129];
		size_t i = 0;
		char ch;
		//in >> ch;  会拿不到空格或者换行
		ch = in.get();
		while (ch != ' ' && ch != '\n')
		{
			buff[i++] = ch;
			if (i == 128)
			{
				buff[i] = '\0';
				s += buff;
				i = 0;
			}
			//in >> ch;
			ch = in.get();
		}

		if (i != 0)
		{
			buff[i] = '\0';
			s += buff;
		}
		return in;
	}
}