http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker_delta
In mathematics, the Kronecker delta or Kronecker's delta, named after Leopold Kronecker, is a function of two variables, usuallyintegers. The function is 1 if the variables are equal, and 0 otherwise:
where Kronecker delta δij is a piecewise function of variables and . For example, δ1 2 = 0, whereas δ3 3 = 1.
In linear algebra, the identity matrix can be written as
and the inner product of vectors can be written as