串口open之后就是设置了。设置后就可以进行read,write等类似操作了。
今天写串口程序,写很好写,但是不能读,最找到了读的方法
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int set_opt(int fd,int nSpeed, int nBits, char nEvent, int nStop)
{
/* 五个参量 fd打开文件 speed设置波特率 bit数据位设置 neent奇偶校验位 stop停止位 */
struct termios newtio,oldtio;
if ( tcgetattr( fd,&oldtio) != 0) {
perror("SetupSerial 1");
return -1;
}
bzero( &newtio, sizeof( newtio ) );
newtio.c_cflag |= CLOCAL | CREAD;
newtio.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE;
switch( nBits )
{
case 7:
newtio.c_cflag |= CS7;
break;
case 8:
newtio.c_cflag |= CS8;
break;
}
switch( nEvent )
{
case 'O':
newtio.c_cflag |= PARENB;
newtio.c_cflag |= PARODD;
newtio.c_iflag |= (INPCK | ISTRIP);
break;
case 'E':
newtio.c_iflag |= (INPCK | ISTRIP);
newtio.c_cflag |= PARENB;
newtio.c_cflag &= ~PARODD;
break;
case 'N':
newtio.c_cflag &= ~PARENB;
break;
}
switch( nSpeed )
{
case 2400:
cfsetispeed(&newtio, B2400);
cfsetospeed(&newtio, B2400);
break;
case 4800:
cfsetispeed(&newtio, B4800);
cfsetospeed(&newtio, B4800);
break;
case 9600:
cfsetispeed(&newtio, B9600);
cfsetospeed(&newtio, B9600);
break;
case 115200:
cfsetispeed(&newtio, B115200);
cfsetospeed(&newtio, B115200);
break;
default:
cfsetispeed(&newtio, B9600);
cfsetospeed(&newtio, B9600);
break;
}
if( nStop == 1 )
newtio.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;
else if ( nStop == 2 )
newtio.c_cflag |= CSTOPB;
newtio.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
newtio.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
tcflush(fd,TCIFLUSH);
if((tcsetattr(fd,TCSANOW,&newtio))!=0)
{
perror("com set error");
return -1;
}
printf("set done!\n");
return 0;
}
int open_port(int fd,int comport)
{
/* fd 打开串口 comport表示第几个串口 */
char *dev[]={"/dev/ttyUSB0","/dev/ttyS1","/dev/ttyS2"};
long vdisable;
if (comport==1)
{ fd = open( "/dev/ttyUSB0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY);
if (-1 == fd){
perror("Can't Open Serial Port");
return(-1);
}
else
printf("open ttyS0 .....\n");
}
else if(comport==2)
{ fd = open( "/dev/ttyS1", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY);
if (-1 == fd){
perror("Can't Open Serial Port");
return(-1);
}
else
printf("open ttyS1 .....\n");
}
else if (comport==3)
{
fd = open( "/dev/ttyS2", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY);
if (-1 == fd){
perror("Can't Open Serial Port");
return(-1);
}
else
printf("open ttyS2 .....\n");
}
if(fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, 0)<0)
printf("fcntl failed!\n");
else
printf("fcntl=%d\n",fcntl(fd, F_SETFL,0));
if(isatty(STDIN_FILENO)==0)
printf("standard input is not a terminal device\n");
else
printf("isatty success!\n");
printf("fd-open=%d\n",fd);
return fd;
}
int main(void)
{
int fd;
int nread,i;
char buff[]="Hello\n";
fd = open( "/dev/ttyUSB0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY);
if (-1 == fd){
perror("Can't Open Serial Port");
return(-1);
}
else
printf("open ttyUSB0 .....\n");
if((i=set_opt(fd,9600,8,'N',1))<0){
perror("set_opt error");
return -1;
}
printf("fd=%d\n",fd);
// fd=3;
char bbb[]="abde";
char buf[10];
// tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH); //清空缓冲区
while(1)
{
sleep(1);
memset(buf, 0, 10);
nread=read(fd,buf,8);
printf("nread=%d,%s\n",nread,buf);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
先说下使用方法吧:
comtest -d /dev/ttyUSB0 -o 打开串口USB0
# include <stdio.h>
# include <stdlib.h>
# include <termio.h>
# include <unistd.h>
# include <fcntl.h>
# include <getopt.h>
# include <time.h>
# include <errno.h>
# include <string.h>
static void Error(const char *Msg)
{
fprintf (stderr, "%s\n", Msg);
fprintf (stderr, "strerror() is %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
static void Warning(const char *Msg)
{
fprintf (stderr, "Warning: %s\n", Msg);
}
static int SerialSpeed(const char *SpeedString)
{
int SpeedNumber = atoi(SpeedString);
# define TestSpeed(Speed) if (SpeedNumber == Speed) return B##Speed
TestSpeed(1200);
TestSpeed(2400);
TestSpeed(4800);
TestSpeed(9600);
TestSpeed(19200);
TestSpeed(38400);
TestSpeed(57600);
TestSpeed(115200);
TestSpeed(230400);
Error("Bad speed");
return -1;
}
static void PrintUsage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr, "comtest - interactive program of comm port\n");
fprintf(stderr, "press [ESC] 3 times to quit\n\n");
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: comtest [-d device] [-t tty] [-s speed] [-7] [-c] [-x] [-o] [-h]\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -7 7 bit\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -x hex mode\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -o output to stdout too\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -c stdout output use color\n");
fprintf(stderr, " -h print this help\n");
exit(-1);
}
static inline void WaitFdWriteable(int Fd)
{
fd_set WriteSetFD;
FD_ZERO(&WriteSetFD);
FD_SET(Fd, &WriteSetFD);
if (select(Fd + 1, NULL, &WriteSetFD, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
Error(strerror(errno));
}
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int CommFd, TtyFd;
struct termios TtyAttr;
struct termios BackupTtyAttr;
int DeviceSpeed = B9600;
int TtySpeed = B9600;
int ByteBits = CS8;
const char *DeviceName = "/dev/ttySAC0";
const char *TtyName = "/dev/tty";
int OutputHex = 0;
int OutputToStdout = 0;
int UseColor = 0;
opterr = 0;
for (;;) {
int c = getopt(argc, argv, "d:s:t:7xoch");
if (c == -1)
break;
switch(c) {
case 'd':
DeviceName = optarg;
break;
case 't':
TtyName = optarg;
break;
case 's':
if (optarg[0] == 'd') {
DeviceSpeed = SerialSpeed(optarg + 1);
} else if (optarg[0] == 't') {
TtySpeed = SerialSpeed(optarg + 1);
} else
TtySpeed = DeviceSpeed = SerialSpeed(optarg);
break;
case 'o':
OutputToStdout = 1;
break;
case '7':
ByteBits = CS7;
break;
case 'x':
OutputHex = 1;
break;
case 'c':
UseColor = 1;
break;
case '?':
case 'h':
default:
PrintUsage();
}
}
if (optind != argc)
PrintUsage();
CommFd = open(DeviceName, O_RDWR, 0);
if (CommFd < 0)
Error("Unable to open device");
if (fcntl(CommFd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
Error("Unable set to NONBLOCK mode");
memset(&TtyAttr, 0, sizeof(struct termios));
TtyAttr.c_iflag = IGNPAR;
TtyAttr.c_cflag = DeviceSpeed | HUPCL | ByteBits | CREAD | CLOCAL;
TtyAttr.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
if (tcsetattr(CommFd, TCSANOW, &TtyAttr) < 0)
Warning("Unable to set comm port");
TtyFd = open(TtyName, O_RDWR | O_NDELAY, 0);
if (TtyFd < 0)
Error("Unable to open tty");
TtyAttr.c_cflag = TtySpeed | HUPCL | ByteBits | CREAD | CLOCAL;
if (tcgetattr(TtyFd, &BackupTtyAttr) < 0)
Error("Unable to get tty");
if (tcsetattr(TtyFd, TCSANOW, &TtyAttr) < 0)
Error("Unable to set tty");
for (;;) {
unsigned char Char = 0;
fd_set ReadSetFD;
void OutputStdChar(FILE *File) {
char Buffer[10];
int Len = sprintf(Buffer, OutputHex ? "%.2X " : "%c", Char);
fwrite(Buffer, 1, Len, File);
}
FD_ZERO(&ReadSetFD);
FD_SET(CommFd, &ReadSetFD);
FD_SET( TtyFd, &ReadSetFD);
# define max(x,y) ( ((x) >= (y)) ? (x) : (y) )
if (select(max(CommFd, TtyFd) + 1, &ReadSetFD, NULL, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
Error(strerror(errno));
}
# undef max
if (FD_ISSET(CommFd, &ReadSetFD)) {
while (read(CommFd, &Char, 1) == 1) {
WaitFdWriteable(TtyFd);
if (write(TtyFd, &Char, 1) < 0) {
Error(strerror(errno));
}
if (OutputToStdout) {
if (UseColor)
fwrite("\x1b[01;34m", 1, 8, stdout);
OutputStdChar(stdout);
if (UseColor)
fwrite("\x1b[00m", 1, 8, stdout);
fflush(stdout);
}
}
}
if (FD_ISSET(TtyFd, &ReadSetFD)) {
while (read(TtyFd, &Char, 1) == 1) {
static int EscKeyCount = 0;
WaitFdWriteable(CommFd);
if (write(CommFd, &Char, 1) < 0) {
Error(strerror(errno));
}
if (OutputToStdout) {
if (UseColor)
fwrite("\x1b[01;31m", 1, 8, stderr);
OutputStdChar(stderr);
if (UseColor)
fwrite("\x1b[00m", 1, 8, stderr);
fflush(stderr);
}
if (Char == '\x1b') {
EscKeyCount ++;
if (EscKeyCount >= 3)
goto ExitLabel;
} else
EscKeyCount = 0;
}
}
}
ExitLabel:
if (tcsetattr(TtyFd, TCSANOW, &BackupTtyAttr) < 0)
Error("Unable to set tty");
return 0;
}
前面介绍了串口的简单读写
今天研究了下串口的select读,跟大家分享如下
select读主要实现的功能是,在一定时间内不停地看串口有没有数据,有数据则进行读,当时间过去后还没有数据,则返回超时错误。
具体的函数如下;
int read_datas_tty(int fd,char *rcv_buf,int sec,int usec)
{
int retval;
unsigned char tempchar2;
fd_set rfds;
struct timeval tv;
int ret,pos;
tv.tv_sec = sec;//set the rcv wait time
tv.tv_usec = usec;//100000us = 0.1s
while(1){
FD_ZERO(&rfds);
FD_SET(fd,&rfds);
retval = select(fd+1,&rfds,NULL,NULL,&tv);
if(retval ==-1)
{
perror("select()");
break;
}
else if(retval)
{
ret= read(fd,rcv_buf,1);
tempchar2 = rcv_buf;
printf("rcv_buf is %s\n",rcv_buf);
}
else
{
break;
}
}
return 1;
}
{
int retval;
unsigned char tempchar2;
fd_set rfds;
struct timeval tv;
int ret,pos;
tv.tv_sec = sec;//set the rcv wait time
tv.tv_usec = usec;//100000us = 0.1s
while(1){
FD_ZERO(&rfds);
FD_SET(fd,&rfds);
retval = select(fd+1,&rfds,NULL,NULL,&tv);
if(retval ==-1)
{
perror("select()");
break;
}
else if(retval)
{
ret= read(fd,rcv_buf,1);
tempchar2 = rcv_buf;
printf("rcv_buf is %s\n",rcv_buf);
}
else
{
break;
}
}
return 1;
}
在前面的普通读写里面加上这个函数就可以了
它的调用方式为:
read_datas_tty(fd,buff,10,10);
这就表示等待时间为10S+10us
Linux下直接用read读串口可能会造成堵塞,或数据读出错误。然而用select先查询com口,再用read去读就可以避免,并且当com口延时时,程序可以退出,这样就不至于由于com口堵塞,程序就死了。我的代码如下:
bool ReadDevice( int hComm, unsigned long uLen, char* pData )
{
int nread = 0;
char inbuf[uLen];
char buff[uLen];
memset( inbuff, '\0', uLen );
memset( buff, '\0', uLen );
fd_set readset;
struct timeval tv;
int MaxFd = 0;
int c = 0;
int z;
do
{
FD_ZERO( &readset );
if( hComm >= 0 )
FD_SET( hComm, &readset );
MaxFd = hComm + 1;
tv.tv_sec = 0;
tv.tv_usec = 500000;
do
{
z = select( MaxFd, &readset, 0, 0, &tv);
}while( z==-1 && errno==EINTR );
if( z == -1 )
printf("select(2)\n");
if( z == 0 )
{
hComm = -1;
}
if( hComm>=0 && FD_ISSET(hComm, &readset) )
{
z = read( hComm, buff, uLen - c );
c += z;
if( z == -1 )
{
hComm = -1;
}
if( z > 0 )
{
buff[ z + 1 ] = '\0';
strcat( inbuff, buff );
memset( buff, 0x00, uLen );
}
else
{
hComm = -1;
}
}
}while( hComm >= 0 );
memcpy( pData, inbuff, c );
return true;
}
{
int nread = 0;
char inbuf[uLen];
char buff[uLen];
memset( inbuff, '\0', uLen );
memset( buff, '\0', uLen );
fd_set readset;
struct timeval tv;
int MaxFd = 0;
int c = 0;
int z;
do
{
FD_ZERO( &readset );
if( hComm >= 0 )
FD_SET( hComm, &readset );
MaxFd = hComm + 1;
tv.tv_sec = 0;
tv.tv_usec = 500000;
do
{
z = select( MaxFd, &readset, 0, 0, &tv);
}while( z==-1 && errno==EINTR );
if( z == -1 )
printf("select(2)\n");
if( z == 0 )
{
hComm = -1;
}
if( hComm>=0 && FD_ISSET(hComm, &readset) )
{
z = read( hComm, buff, uLen - c );
c += z;
if( z == -1 )
{
hComm = -1;
}
if( z > 0 )
{
buff[ z + 1 ] = '\0';
strcat( inbuff, buff );
memset( buff, 0x00, uLen );
}
else
{
hComm = -1;
}
}
}while( hComm >= 0 );
memcpy( pData, inbuff, c );
return true;
}
来源:http://www.moon-soft.com/doc/51500.htm
参考:http://hi.baidu.com/tc22/blog/item/6c82b51259bbc8c3c3fd7882.html
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6b0cfdeb0100n3k1.html
http://blog.chinaunix.net/space.php?uid=20788636&do=blog&id=1841319
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-serials/
http://hi.baidu.com/xdyang1986/blog/item/c863c125436bb621d4074290.html