SQL练习(1)

SQL练习(1)

　　设有一数据库，包括四个表：学生表（Student）、课程表（Course）、成绩表（Score）以及教师信息表（Teacher）。四个表的结构分别如表1-1的表（一）~表（四）所示，数据如表1-2的表（一）~表（四）所示。
　　用SQL语句创建四个表并完成相关题目：
　　
表1-1数据库的表结构
表（一）Student (学生表)

属性名	数据类型	可否为空	含义
Sno	varchar (20)	否	学号（主码）
Sname	varchar (20)	否	学生姓名
Ssex	varchar (20)	否	学生性别
Sbirthday	datetime	可	学生出生年月
Class	varchar (20)	可	学生所在班级

表（二）Course（课程表）

属性名	数据类型	可否为空	含义
Cno	varchar (20)	否	课程号（主码）
Cname	varchar (20)	否	课程名称
Tno	varchar (20)	否	教工编号（外码）

表（三）Score(成绩表)

属性名	数据类型	可否为空	含 义
Sno	varchar (20)	否	学号（外码）
Cno	varchar (20)	否	课程号（外码）
Degree	Decimal(4,1)	可	成绩
主码：Sno+ Cno

表（四）Teacher(教师表)

属性名	数据类型	可否为空	含 义
Tno	varchar (20)	否	教工编号（主码）
Tname	varchar (20)	否	教工姓名
Tsex	varchar (20)	否	教工性别
Tbirthday	datetime	可	教工出生年月
Prof	varchar (20)	可	职称
Depart	varchar (20)	否	教工所在部门

表1-2数据库中的数据
表（一）Student

Sno	Sname	Ssex	Sbirthday	class
108	曾华	男	1977-09-01	95033
105	匡明	男	1975-10-02	95031
107	王丽	女	1976-01-23	95033
101	李军	男	1976-02-20	95033
109	王芳	女	1975-02-10	95031
103	陆君	男	1974-06-03	95031

表（二）Course

Cno	Cname	Tno
3-105	计算机导论	825
3-245	操作系统	804
6-166	数字电路	856
9-888	高等数学	831

表（三）Score

Sno	Cno	Degree
103	3-245	86
105	3-245	75
109	3-245	68
103	3-105	92
105	3-105	88
109	3-105	76
101	3-105	64
107	3-105	91
108	3-105	78
101	6-166	85
107	6-166	79
108	6-166	81

表（四）Teacher

Tno	Tname	Tsex	Tbirthday	Prof	Depart
804	李诚	男	1958-12-02	副教授	计算机系
856	张旭	男	1969-03-12	讲师	电子工程系
825	王萍	女	1972-05-05	助教	计算机系
831	刘冰	女	1977-08-14	助教	电子工程系

题目及答案

create database lalala;
use lalala;

create table Student (Sno varchar (20), Sname varchar (20) not null, Ssex varchar (20) not null, Sbirthday datetime, Class varchar (20),  primary key (Sno));
create table Course (Cno varchar (20), Cname varchar (20) not null, Tno varchar (20) not null, primary key (Cno)); 
create table Score (Sno varchar (20), Cno varchar (20) not null, Degree Decimal(4,1), primary key(Sno, Cno));
create table Teacher (Tno varchar (20) primary key, Tname varchar (20) not null, Tsex varchar (20) not null, Tbirthday datetime, Prof varchar (20), Depart varchar (20) not null);

alter table Score add constraint fkSno foreign key (Sno) references Student (Sno);
alter table Score add constraint fkCno foreign key (Cno) references Course (Cno);
alter table Course add constraint fkTno foreign key (Tno) references Teacher(Tno);
-- alter table Score drop foreign key fk1;
-- alter table Score drop foreign key fk2;

-- select * from student;

insert into Student value ('108', '曾华', '男', '1977-09-01', '95033');
insert into Student value ('105', '匡明', '男', '1975-10-02', '95031');
insert into Student value ('107', '王丽', '女', '1976-01-23', '95033');
insert into Student value ('101', '李军', '男', '1976-02-20', '95033');
insert into Student value ('109', '王芳', '女', '1975-02-10', '95031');
insert into Student value ('103', '陆君', '男', '1974-06-03', '95031');

insert into course value ('3-105', '计算机导论', '825');
insert into course value ('3-245', '操作系统', '804');
insert into course value ('6-166', '数字电路', '856');
insert into course value ('9-888', '高等数学', '831');

insert into score value ('103', '3-245', '86');
insert into score value ('105', '3-245', '75');
insert into score value ('109', '3-245', '68');
insert into score value ('103', '3-105', '92');
insert into score value ('105', '3-105', '88');
insert into score value ('109', '3-105', '76');
insert into score value ('101', '3-105', '64');
insert into score value ('107', '3-105', '91');
insert into score value ('108', '3-105', '78');
insert into score value ('101', '6-166', '85');
insert into score value ('107', '6-166', '79');
insert into score value ('108', '6-166', '81');

insert into teacher value ('804', '李诚', '男', '1958-12-02', '副教授', '计算机系');
insert into teacher value ('856', '张旭', '男', '1969-03-12', '讲师', '电子工程系');
insert into teacher value ('825', '王萍', '女', '1972-05-05', '助教', '计算机系');
insert into teacher value ('831', '刘冰', '女', '1977-08-14', '助教', '电子工程系');

-- 1、 查询Student表中的所有记录的Sname、Ssex和Class列。
select Sname, Ssex, Class from student;

-- 2、 查询教师所有的单位即不重复的Depart列。
select distinct depart from teacher;

-- 3、 查询Student表的所有记录。
select * from student;

-- 4、 查询Score表中成绩在60到80之间的所有记录
select * from score where Degree between 60 and 80;

-- 5、 查询Score表中成绩为85，86或88的记录。
select * from score where Degree in (85, 86, 88);

-- 6、 查询Student表中“95031”班或性别为“女”的同学记录。
select * from student where Class = '95031' or Ssex = '女';

-- 7、 以Class降序查询Student表的所有记录。
select * from student order by Class desc;

-- 8、 以Cno升序、Degree降序查询Score表的所有记录。
select * from score order by Cno asc, Degree desc;

-- 9、 查询“95031”班的学生人数。
select count(*) from student where Class = '95031';

-- 10、 查询Score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号。（子查询或者排序）
select Sno, Cno from score where Degree = (select max(Degree) from score);                                                 

-- 11、 查询每门课的平均成绩。
select Cno, avg(Degree) from score group by Cno;

-- 12、查询Score表中至少有5名学生选修的并以3开头的课程的平均分数。
select Cno, avg(Degree) from score where Cno like '3%' group by Cno having count(Cno) >= 5;

-- 13、查询分数大于70，小于90的Sno列。
select Sno from score group by Sno having min(Degree) > 70 and max(Degree) > 90;

-- 14、查询所有学生的Sname、Cno和Degree列。
select Sname, Cno, Degree from student, score where student.Sno = score.Sno;
select Sname, Cno, Degree from student join score on student.Sno = score.Sno;

-- 15、查询所有学生的Sno、Cname和Degree列。
select Sno, Cname, Degree from course, score where course.Cno = score.Cno;
select Sno, Cname, Degree from score join course on course.Cno = score.Cno;

-- 16、查询所有学生的Sname、Cname和Degree列。
select Sname, Cname, Degree from student, course, score where student.Sno = score.Sno and course.Cno = score.Cno;
select Sname, Cname, Degree from student join score on student.Sno = score.Sno join course on course.Cno = score.Cno;

-- 17、 查询“95033”班学生的平均分。
select Class, avg(Degree) from student, score where student.Sno = score.Sno and Class = '95033';

-- 18、 假设使用如下命令建立了一个grade表：
/*
    create table grade(low int(3),upp int(3),rank char(1))
    insert into grade values(90,100,’A’)
    insert into grade values(80,89,’B’)
    insert into grade values(70,79,’C’)
    insert into grade values(60,69,’D’)
    insert into grade values(0,59,’E’)
    现查询所有同学的Sno、Cno和rank列。
*/
create table grade(low int(3),upp int(3),rank char(1));
insert into grade values(90, 100, 'A');
insert into grade values(80, 89, 'B');
insert into grade values(70, 79, 'C');
insert into grade values(60, 69, 'D');
insert into grade values(0, 59, 'E');
select Sno, Cno, rank from score, grade where Degree between low and upp order by rank;

-- 19、  查询选修“3-105”课程的成绩高于“109”号同学成绩的所有同学的记录。
select x.Sno, x.Cno, x.Degree from score x, score y where x.Cno = '3-105' and x.Degree > y.Degree and y.Sno = '109' and y.Cno = '3-105';

-- 20、查询score中选学多门课程的同学中分数为非最高分成绩的记录。
-- delete from score where Sno = '109' and Cno = '3-105';
select * from score a where Sno in (select Sno from score group by Sno having count(*)>1)
    and(Degree not in(select max(Degree) from score b where a.Cno=b.Cno group by Cno));
select * from score a where Sno in (select Sno from score group by Sno having count(*)>1)
    and Degree < (select max(Degree) from score b where a.Cno = b.Cno group by Cno);

-- 21、查询成绩高于学号为“109”、课程号为“3-105”的成绩的所有记录。
select * from student, score where student.Sno = score.Sno and score.Degree > 
    (select Degree from score where Cno = '3-105' and Sno = '109');

-- 22、查询和学号为108的同学同年出生的所有学生的Sno、Sname和Sbirthday列。
select Sno, Sname, Sbirthday from student where year(Sbirthday) = (select year(Sbirthday) from student where Sno = '108');

-- 23、查询“张旭“教师任课的学生成绩。
select Degree from score, teacher, course where score.Cno = course.Cno and course.Tno = teacher.Tno and teacher.Tname = '张旭';
select Degree from score where Cno in (select Cno from course where Tno in (select Tno from teacher where Tname = '张旭'));

-- 24、查询选修某课程的同学人数多于5人的教师姓名。
select Tname from teacher, course where teacher.Tno = course.Tno and course.Cno in (select Cno from score group by Cno having count(Cno) > 5);
select Tname from teacher where Tno in (select Tno from course where Cno in (select Cno from score group by Cno having count(*)>5) );

-- 25、查询95033班和95031班全体学生的记录。
select * from student where Class = '95033' or Class = '95031';

-- 26、  查询存在有85分以上成绩的课程Cno.
select Cno from score where Degree > 85 group by Cno;
select distinct Cno from score where Degree > 85;

-- 27、查询出“计算机系“教师所教课程的成绩表。
select score.Sno, score.Cno, score.Degree from score, course, teacher where score.Cno = course.Cno and course.Tno = teacher.Tno and teacher.Depart = '计算机系';
select Sno, Cno, Degree from score where Cno in (select Cno from course where Tno in (select Tno from teacher where Depart = '计算机系'));

-- 28、查询“计算机系”与“电子工程系“不同职称的教师的Tname和Prof。
select Tname, Prof from teacher where Depart = '计算机系' and Prof not in (select Prof from teacher where Depart = '电子工程系') 
    union (select Tname, Prof from teacher where Depart = '电子工程系' and Prof not in (select Prof from teacher where Depart = '计算机系'));
select Tname, Prof from teacher a where Prof not in (select Prof from teacher b where a.Depart != b.Depart);

-- 29、查询选修编号为“3-105“课程且成绩至少高于选修编号为“3-245”的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree,并按Degree从高到低次序排序。
select Cno, Sno, Degree from score a where (select Degree from score b where Cno = '3-105' and a.Sno = b.Sno) 
    >= (select Degree from score c where Cno = '3-245' and a.Sno = c.Sno) order by Degree desc;

-- 30、查询选修编号为“3-105”且成绩高于选修编号为“3-245”课程的同学的Cno、Sno和Degree.
select Cno, Sno, Degree from score a where (select Degree from score b where Cno = '3-105' and a.Sno = b.Sno) 
    > (select Degree from score c where Cno = '3-245' and a.Sno = c.Sno);

-- 31、 查询所有教师和同学的name、sex和birthday.
select distinct Sname as name, Ssex as sex, Sbirthday as birthday from student
    union select distinct Tname as name, Tsex as sex, Tbirthday as birthday from Teacher;

-- 32、查询所有“女”教师和“女”同学的name、sex和birthday.
select distinct Sname as name, Ssex as sex, Sbirthday as birthday from student where Ssex = '女'
    union select distinct Tname as name, Tsex as sex, Tbirthday as birthday from Teacher where Tsex = '女'; 

-- 33、 查询成绩比该课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表。
select Sno, Cno, Degree from score a where a.Degree < (select avg(Degree) from score b where a.Cno = b.Cno);

-- 34、 查询所有任课教师的Tname和Depart.
select Tname, Depart from teacher where Tno in (select Tno from course where Cno in (select Cno from score));
select Tname, Depart from teacher where Tname in (select distinct Tname from teacher, course, score where teacher.Tno = course.Tno and course.Cno = score.Cno);

-- 35 、 查询所有未讲课的教师的Tname和Depart.
select Tname, Depart from teacher where Tno not in (select Tno from course where Cno in (select Cno from score));
select Tname, Depart from teacher where Tname not in (select distinct Tname from teacher, course, score where teacher.Tno = course.Tno and course.Cno = score.Cno);

-- 36、查询至少有2名男生的班号。
select Class from student where Ssex = '男' group by Class having count(*) >= 2;

-- 37、查询Student表中不姓“王”的同学记录。
select * from student where Sname not like '王%';

-- 38、查询Student表中每个学生的姓名和年龄。
select Sname, year(now())-year(Sbirthday) as Sage from student;

-- 39、查询Student表中最大和最小的Sbirthday日期值。
select max(Sbirthday), min(Sbirthday) from student;

-- 40、以班号和年龄从大到小的顺序查询Student表中的全部记录。
select * from student order by Class desc, Sbirthday asc;

-- 41、查询“男”教师及其所上的课程。
select Tname, Cname from teacher, course where Tsex = '男' and teacher.Tno = course.Tno;

-- 42、查询最高分同学的Sno、Cno和Degree列。
select Sno, Cno, Degree from score where Degree = (select max(Degree) from score);

-- 43、查询和“李军”同性别的所有同学的Sname.
select Sname from student where Ssex = (select Ssex from student where Sname = '李军') and Sname != '李军';

-- 44、查询和“李军”同性别并同班的同学Sname.
select Sname from student where Ssex = (select Ssex from student where Sname = '李军') 
    and Class = (select Class from student where Sname = '李军') and Sname != '李军';

-- 45、查询所有选修“计算机导论”课程的“男”同学的成绩表。
select Sno, Cno, Degree from score where Sno in (select Sno from student where Ssex = '男') 
    and Cno in (select Cno from course where Cname = '计算机导论');