RxSwift-map源码解析

map操作符为每一个序列元素提供转换,并返回到原序列。

map.png

看一段代码示例:

Observable<Int>.of(1,2,3,4,5,6)
    .subscribe(onNext: { (val) in
        print(val)
    }).disposed(by: disposeBag)

输出:1,2,3,4,5,6

Observable<Int>.of(1,2,3,4,5,6)
    .map{
        $0+10
    }
    .subscribe(onNext: { (val) in
        print(val)
    }).disposed(by: disposeBag)

输出:11,12,13,14,15,16

  • of初始化序列,序列元素类型需保存一直
  • map操作符,操作序列每个元素加10后作为新元素,构成新的序列

那么map是如何给序列重新设置新值的呢?闭包就像加工零件的数控机床,设定好加工程序$0+10就会对of中的每一个元素加工产出新的零件,看一下map源码都做了哪些事情:

extension ObservableType {
    public func map<R>(_ transform: @escaping (E) throws -> R)
        -> Observable<R> {
        return self.asObservable().composeMap(transform)
    }
}
  • transform逃逸闭包,转换逻辑交给业务层
  • asObservable()保证协议的一致性

首先看到map函数是一个带闭包参数的ObservableType的扩展函数,内部调用了composeMap并传入了外部的闭包以便内部调用。

由前边的源码探索经验可猜测,该处闭包会被保留在内部,在订阅时被使用,那么根据断点一步步探索,看看外界的闭包最终会保留在何处。composeMap所在类:

public class Observable<Element> : ObservableType {
    /// Type of elements in sequence.
    public typealias E = Element
          // 此处代码有省略
    internal func composeMap<R>(_ transform: @escaping (Element) throws -> R) -> Observable<R> {
        return _map(source: self, transform: transform)
    }
}
  • source_map函数传入了self即为当前的序列对象
  • transform一路追踪的外部闭包

ObservableType的子类Observable实现了composeMap方法,返回Observable类型的对象,在内部调用了_map方法:

internal func _map<Element, R>(source: Observable<Element>, transform: @escaping (Element) throws -> R) -> Observable<R> {
    return Map(source: source, transform: transform)
}

还是向Map内部传入序列,及业务层闭包,一直强调序列和业务层闭包,主要由于结构复杂,以免被遗忘,后续和订阅难以被联系在一起。继续查看Map类:

final private class Map<SourceType, ResultType>: Producer<ResultType> {
    typealias Transform = (SourceType) throws -> ResultType

    private let _source: Observable<SourceType>

    private let _transform: Transform

    init(source: Observable<SourceType>, transform: @escaping Transform) {
        self._source = source
        self._transform = transform

#if TRACE_RESOURCES
        _ = increment(&_numberOfMapOperators)
#endif
    }

    override func composeMap<R>(_ selector: @escaping (ResultType) throws -> R) -> Observable<R> {
        let originalSelector = self._transform
        return Map<SourceType, R>(source: self._source, transform: { (s: SourceType) throws -> R in
            let r: ResultType = try originalSelector(s)
            return try selector(r)
        })
    }

    override func run<O: ObserverType>(_ observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) -> (sink: Disposable, subscription: Disposable) where O.E == ResultType {
        let sink = MapSink(transform: self._transform, observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
        let subscription = self._source.subscribe(sink)
        return (sink: sink, subscription: subscription)
    }
}
  • 继承自Producer,在《RxSwift核心源码探索》中我们已经很熟悉了,继承自Observable,提供了连接序列和观察者的方法对象sink,及发送序列元素到观察者,再返回到订阅,这里不再叙述。
  • Map中保留了源序列及业务层闭包方法
  • 此处run方法会在父类Producer类中方法调用,父类指针指向子类对象

继续断点运行就到达了我们的订阅,该处方法和《RxSwift核心源码探索》中的订阅方法为同一方法:

extension ObservableType {
    //业务层订阅调用
    public func subscribe(onNext: ((E) -> Void)? = nil, onError: ((Swift.Error) -> Void)? = nil, onCompleted: (() -> Void)? = nil, onDisposed: (() -> Void)? = nil)
        -> Disposable {
            let disposable: Disposable
            
            if let disposed = onDisposed {
                disposable = Disposables.create(with: disposed)
            }
            else {
                disposable = Disposables.create()
            }
            
            #if DEBUG
                let synchronizationTracker = SynchronizationTracker()
            #endif
            
            let callStack = Hooks.recordCallStackOnError ? Hooks.customCaptureSubscriptionCallstack() : []
            
            let observer = AnonymousObserver<E> { event in
                
                #if DEBUG
                    synchronizationTracker.register(synchronizationErrorMessage: .default)
                    defer { synchronizationTracker.unregister() }
                #endif
                
                switch event {
                case .next(let value):
                    onNext?(value)
                case .error(let error):
                    if let onError = onError {
                        onError(error)
                    }
                    else {
                        Hooks.defaultErrorHandler(callStack, error)
                    }
                    disposable.dispose()
                case .completed:
                    onCompleted?()
                    disposable.dispose()
                }
            }
            return Disposables.create(
                self.asObservable().subscribe(observer),
                disposable
            )
    }
}

self.asObservable().subscribe(observer)此处调用的则是Producer中的subscribe方法,看一下该处方法:

class Producer<Element> : Observable<Element> {
    override init() {
        super.init()
    }

    override func subscribe<O : ObserverType>(_ observer: O) -> Disposable where O.E == Element {
        if !CurrentThreadScheduler.isScheduleRequired {
            // The returned disposable needs to release all references once it was disposed.
            let disposer = SinkDisposer()
            let sinkAndSubscription = self.run(observer, cancel: disposer)
            disposer.setSinkAndSubscription(sink: sinkAndSubscription.sink, subscription: sinkAndSubscription.subscription)

            return disposer
        }
        else {
            return CurrentThreadScheduler.instance.schedule(()) { _ in
                let disposer = SinkDisposer()
                let sinkAndSubscription = self.run(observer, cancel: disposer)
                disposer.setSinkAndSubscription(sink: sinkAndSubscription.sink, subscription: sinkAndSubscription.subscription)

                return disposer
            }
        }
    }
}

此方法很熟悉,主要看一下内部self.run方法调用,此处继承链和《RxSwift核心源码探索》中的继承链不同,继承链如下:

  • RxSwift核心源码探索中Producer的子类是AnonymousObservablerun方法在此类实现
  • Map源码中Producer的子类是Maprun方法在该处被实现

此处如果不太清楚可以追溯上文查看。上面有Map类的完整代码,此处只查看调用方法代码:

override func run<O: ObserverType>(_ observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) -> (sink: Disposable, subscription: Disposable) where O.E == ResultType {
    let sink = MapSink(transform: self._transform, observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
    let subscription = self._source.subscribe(sink)
    return (sink: sink, subscription: subscription)
}
  • 调用了MapSink方法此处和《RxSwift核心源码探索》中的AnnonymousObservableSink类似
  • self._source此处为订阅时保存的闭包
  • .subscribe(sink)Producer类的方法,传入sink用来调用sink中的on方法

类似于《RxSwift核心源码探索》中的Sink,功能是一样的,MapSink中保留的是观察者,Map中保留的为可观察序列Observable,通过Observable来触发观察者的方法调用。subscribe方法中调用的

  • sinkAndSubscription = self.run(observer, cancel: disposer)
final private class ObservableSequence<S: Sequence>: Producer<S.Iterator.Element> {
    fileprivate let _elements: S
    fileprivate let _scheduler: ImmediateSchedulerType

    init(elements: S, scheduler: ImmediateSchedulerType) {
        self._elements = elements
        self._scheduler = scheduler
    }

    override func run<O : ObserverType>(_ observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) -> (sink: Disposable, subscription: Disposable) where O.E == E {
        let sink = ObservableSequenceSink(parent: self, observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
        let subscription = sink.run()
        return (sink: sink, subscription: subscription)
    }
}

是继承自Producer的方法,内部创建了ObservableSequenceSink对象并传入了当前Observable对象和observer对象,最终调用了run()方法,此处猜测内部为变量序列并调用观察者闭包方法,向外界发送消息。代码如下:

final private class ObservableSequenceSink<S: Sequence, O: ObserverType>: Sink<O> where S.Iterator.Element == O.E {
    typealias Parent = ObservableSequence<S>

    private let _parent: Parent

    init(parent: Parent, observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) {
        self._parent = parent
        super.init(observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
    }

    func run() -> Disposable {
        return self._parent._scheduler.scheduleRecursive(self._parent._elements.makeIterator()) { iterator, recurse in
            var mutableIterator = iterator
            if let next = mutableIterator.next() {
                self.forwardOn(.next(next))
                recurse(mutableIterator)
            }
            else {
                self.forwardOn(.completed)
                self.dispose()
            }
        }
    }
}
  • 注意此类继承自Sink,由此可知会调用Sink中的forwardOn方法

_elements是由of创建时保留的序列集合,此处对序列元素进行遍历,并调用forwardOn方法发送元素。forwardOn

class Sink<O : ObserverType> : Disposable {
    fileprivate let _observer: O
    fileprivate let _cancel: Cancelable
    fileprivate var _disposed = AtomicInt(0)

    #if DEBUG
        fileprivate let _synchronizationTracker = SynchronizationTracker()
    #endif

    init(observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) {
#if TRACE_RESOURCES
        _ = Resources.incrementTotal()
#endif
        self._observer = observer
        self._cancel = cancel
    }

    final func forwardOn(_ event: Event<O.E>) {
        #if DEBUG
            self._synchronizationTracker.register(synchronizationErrorMessage: .default)
            defer { self._synchronizationTracker.unregister() }
        #endif
        if isFlagSet(&self._disposed, 1) {
            return
        }
        self._observer.on(event)
    }
}
  • _observer是上面传入的MapSink对象

清楚看到在此处调用了sinkon方法,self._observer.on(event)。继续追踪MapSink类的on方法:

final private class MapSink<SourceType, O: ObserverType>: Sink<O>, ObserverType {
    typealias Transform = (SourceType) throws -> ResultType

    typealias ResultType = O.E
    typealias Element = SourceType

    private let _transform: Transform

    init(transform: @escaping Transform, observer: O, cancel: Cancelable) {
        self._transform = transform
        super.init(observer: observer, cancel: cancel)
    }

    func on(_ event: Event<SourceType>) {
        switch event {
        case .next(let element):
            do {
                let mappedElement = try self._transform(element)
                self.forwardOn(.next(mappedElement))
            }
            catch let e {
                self.forwardOn(.error(e))
                self.dispose()
            }
        case .error(let error):
            self.forwardOn(.error(error))
            self.dispose()
        case .completed:
            self.forwardOn(.completed)
            self.dispose()
        }
    }
}

到此处就很熟悉了,此处on《RxSwift核心源码探索》中不同:

元素处理代码:

do {
    let mappedElement = try self._transform(element)
    self.forwardOn(.next(mappedElement))
}
  • let mappedElement = try self._transform(element)调用外界闭包获取新值
  • self.forwardOn(.next(mappedElement))通过forwardOn将新值发送至订阅者

最终会调用ObserverBase中的on方法,再调用观察者observeronCore方法,向观察者发送元素。在由观察者调用业务层订阅时实现的闭包将序列元素发送到了业务层,到此map就完成了对源序列的修改。

总结:

实际上map就是对sink做了一层封装,根据业务层的map设置在ObservableSequenceSink中处理了序列元素再发送至forwardOn直至Observer对象,由此完成了对元素的加工处理。

RxSwift源码比较绕,复杂的逻辑带来的是高效的开发,高效的运行,因此对RxSwfit源码我们还需要进一步探索理解。

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