Head First 设计模式：Decorator Pattern 装饰者模式（二）

装饰者模式，给对象赋予新的职责（避免继承滥用）。

 

#include<iostream>
#include<sstream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Beverage
{
protected:
	string description ;

public:
	virtual string getDescription()
	{
		return description;
	}

	virtual double cost() = 0;

};

class CondimentDecorator : public Beverage
{
public:
	virtual string getDescription() = 0;
	
};

class HouseBlend : public Beverage
{
public:
	HouseBlend()
	{
		description = "HouseBlend Coffee";
	}

virtual	double cost()
	{
		return 1.0;
	}
};


class DarkRoast: public Beverage
{
public:
	DarkRoast()
	{
		description = "DarkRoast Coffee";
	}

virtual	double cost()
	{
		return 2.0;
	}
};

class Moca : public CondimentDecorator
{
	Beverage* beverage;

public:
	Moca(Beverage* bev)
	{
		this->beverage = bev;
	}

virtual	string getDescription()
	{
		
		return (beverage->getDescription() + " , Moca");
	}

virtual	double cost()
	{
		return beverage->cost() + 0.5;
	}
};

class Soy : public CondimentDecorator
{
	Beverage* beverage;
public:
	Soy(Beverage* bev)
	{
		this->beverage = bev;
	}

virtual	string getDescription()
	{
		return (beverage->getDescription() + " , Soy");
	}

virtual	double cost()
	{
		return beverage->cost() + 1.0;
	}
};

int main()
{
	Beverage* b = new DarkRoast;
	cout<<(b->getDescription())<<endl;
	cout<<(b->cost())<<endl;

	b = new Moca(b);
	cout<<(b->getDescription())<<endl;
	cout<<(b->cost())<<endl;

	b = new Soy(b);

	/*cout<<(b->getDescription())<<endl;
	cout<<(b->cost())<<endl;*/

	ostringstream sstr;
	sstr << b->cost();
	cout<<(b->getDescription()+ "\n"+ sstr.str())<<endl;

	 getchar();  
	return 0;
}

 

 

 

总结：

1.    注意父类的Beverage的cost函数是纯虚函数，因此它的子类必须遵守契约，每一个都必须实现cost。而在CondimentDecorator中，注意他是继承于Beverage, 目的是为了获取和Darkroast、HouseBlend一致的的类型，因为装饰者（moca coffee）必须要能替代被装饰者coffee。

2.  而在CondimentDecorator中，description是纯虚函数，继承它的子类必须遵守契约，每一个都必须实现description。在具体的装饰者内部（Moca和Soy）都维护了一个Beverage对象，这么做的目的是利用多态性获取相应的description和cost。