Python Qt(十三)PyQtDataVisualization三维绘图

本文介绍了PyQtDataVisualization模块,该模块提供三维柱状图、散点图和曲面图的绘制功能。虽然功能不及专业库VTK,但因其简单易用,在简单三维显示场景中十分实用。文章详细讲解了模块的安装、主要类的介绍,包括Q3DBars、Q3DScatter、Q3DSurface,以及它们各自的数据代理类和坐标轴类型。
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PyQtDataVisualization三维绘图

Data Visualization是Qt中的一个三维数据可视化模块,可以绘制三维柱状图、三维散点图、三维曲面图等。Data Visualization模块的功能虽然不能和一些专业的三维图形类库(如VTK)相提并论,但是它简单易用,对于简单的三维数据显示是比较实用的。PyQt5中并没有Data Visualization模块,需要单独安装PyQtDataVisualization包。

一、PyQtDataVisualization模块概述

1.1.模块安装与导入
Data Visuallzation是Qt类库的一部分,但是安装的PyQt5里并没有这个模块,需要单独安装PyQtData Visualization包。PyQtData Visualization也是Riverbank出品的,其最新的版本与PyQt5一致。要安装PyQtDataVisual,只需在Windows的cmd窗口里执行下面的命令:

pip install PyQtDataVisualization

这样将会自动从PyPi网站上下载安装最新版本的PyQtDataVisualization。本书使用的版本是PyQtData Visualzation5.12。
PyQtData Visualization安装后的类都在PyQt5.QtDataVisualization模块中,所以程序中要使用其中的类时,import 语句示例如下:

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--------------------------- Qt Data Visualization 5.7.0 --------------------------- Qt Data Visualization module provides multiple graph types to visualize data in 3D space both with C++ and Qt Quick 2. System Requirements =================== - Qt 5.2.1 or newer - OpenGL 2.1 or newer (recommended) or OpenGL ES2 (reduced feature set) - Manipulating Qt Data Visualization graphs with QML Designer requires Qt Creator 3.3 or newer Building ======== Configure the project with qmake: qmake After running qmake, build the project with make: (Linux) make (Windows with MinGw) mingw32-make (Windows with Visual Studio) nmake (OS X) make The above generates the default makefiles for your configuration, which is typically the release build if you are using precompiled binary Qt distribution. To build both debug and release, or one specifically, use one of the following qmake lines instead. For debug builds: qmake CONFIG+=debug make or qmake CONFIG+=debug_and_release make debug For release builds: qmake CONFIG+=release make or qmake CONFIG+=debug_and_release make release For both builds (Windows/OS X only): qmake CONFIG+="debug_and_release build_all" make After building, install the module to your Qt directory: make install If you want to uninstall the module: make uninstall Building as a statically linked library ======================================= The same as above applies, you will just have to add static to the CONFIG: qmake CONFIG+=static Documentation ============= The documentation can be generated with: make docs The documentation is generated into the doc folder under the build folder. Both Qt Assistant (qtdatavisualization.qch) and in HTML format (qtdatavisualization subfolder) documentation is generated. Please refer to the generated documentation for more information: doc/qtdatavisualization/qtdatavisualization-index.html Known Issues ============ - Some platforms like Android and WinRT cannot handle multiple native windows properly, so only the Qt Quick 2 versions of graphs are available in practice for those platforms. - Shadows are not supported with OpenGL ES2 (including Angle builds in Windows). - Anti-aliasing doesn't work with OpenGL ES2 (including Angle builds in Windows). - QCustom3DVolume items are not supported with OpenGL ES2 (including Angle builds in Windows). - Surfaces with non-straight rows and columns do not always render properly. - Q3DLight class (and Light3D QML item) are currently not usable for anything. - Changing most of Q3DScene properties affecting subviewports currently has no effect. - Widget based examples layout incorrectly in iOS. - Reparenting a graph to an item in another QQuickWindow is not supported. - Android builds of QML applications importing QtDataVisualization also require "QT += datavisualization" in the pro file. This is because Qt Data Visualization QML plugin has a dependency to Qt Data Visualization C++ library, which Qt Creator doesn't automatically add to the deployment package. - Only OpenGL ES2 emulation is available for software renderer (that is, when using QCoreApplication::setAttribute(Qt::AA_UseSoftwareOpenGL))
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