下面是一个使用clone()的例子,要使用clone()这个方法,需要实现接口Cloneable:
class Spoon implements Cloneable {
String spoonName;
public Spoon(String name){
this.spoonName = name;
}
public void setSpoonName(String spoonName) {
this.spoonName = spoonName;
}
public String getSpoonName() {
return this.spoonName;
}
public Object clone() {
Object object = null;
try {
object = super.clone();
}
catch (CloneNotSupportedException exception) {
System.err.println("AbstractSpoon is not Cloneable");
} return object;
}
}
public class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){
Spoon spoon1 = new Spoon("Tom's Spoon");
Spoon spoon2 = (Spoon) spoon1.clone();
System.out.println("spoon 1 reference : "+spoon1);
System.out.println("spoon 1 name : "+spoon1.getSpoonName());
System.out.println("spoon 2 reference : "+spoon2);
System.out.println("spoon 2 name : "+spoon2.getSpoonName());
spoon2.setSpoonName("Jerry's Spoon");
System.out.println("spoon 1 reference : "+spoon1);
System.out.println("spoon 1 name : "+spoon1.getSpoonName());
System.out.println("spoon 2 reference : "+spoon2);
System.out.println("spoon 2 name : "+spoon2.getSpoonName());
}
}
打印的结果是:
spoon 1 reference : prototype.shadow.Spoon@c17164
spoon 1 name : Tom's Spoon
spoon 2 reference : prototype.shadow.Spoon@1fb8ee3
spoon 2 name : Tom's Spoon
spoon 1 reference : prototype.shadow.Spoon@c17164
spoon 1 name : Tom's Spoon
spoon 2 reference : prototype.shadow.Spoon@1fb8ee3
spoon 2 name : Jerry's Spoon
从打印的结果可以看到,spoon1 和 spoon2的确是两个独立的对象,他们的地址是不同的,并且spoon2的更改不会影响到spoon1,这恰恰满足了我们克隆的需求。但是关于clone()这个函数,还有一些需要说的地方。
上面的克隆方法叫做影子克隆,如果Spoon类的成员变量包含的不只是基本数据类型(这里的基本数据类型包含String),那么上面的克隆方式就会失效,这个时候就需要深度克隆,首先来看看失效的情况吧:
class Spoon implements Cloneable {
String spoonName[];
public Spoon(){
this.spoonName = new String[2];
}
public Object clone() {
Object object = null;
try {
object = super.clone();
}
catch (CloneNotSupportedException exception) {
System.err.println("AbstractSpoon is not Cloneable");
} return object;
}
}
public class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){
Spoon spoon1 = new Spoon();
spoon1.spoonName[0] = "spoon 1.a";
spoon1.spoonName[1] = "spoon 1.b";
Spoon spoon2 = (Spoon) spoon1.clone();
spoon2.spoonName[0] = "spoon 2.a";
spoon2.spoonName[1] = "spoon 2.b";
System.out.println("spoon 1 reference : "+spoon1);
System.out.println("spoon 1 name reference : "+spoon1.spoonName);
System.out.println("spoon 1 name : "+spoon1.spoonName[0] + "," + spoon1.spoonName[1]);
System.out.println("spoon 2 reference : "+spoon2);
System.out.println("spoon 2 name reference : "+spoon2.spoonName);
System.out.println("spoon 2 name : "+spoon2.spoonName[0] + "," + spoon2.spoonName[1]);
}
}
打印的结果是:
spoon 1 reference : prototype.deeply.Spoon@c17164
spoon 1 name reference : [Ljava.lang.String;@1fb8ee3
spoon 1 name : spoon 2.a,spoon 2.b
spoon 2 reference : prototype.deeply.Spoon@61de33
spoon 2 name reference : [Ljava.lang.String;@1fb8ee3
spoon 2 name : spoon 2.a,spoon 2.b
可以看到虽然两个spoon的地址不同,但是他们的成员变量数组spoonName的地址是相同的,所以对于spoon2的更改影响到了spoon1,这就不符合克隆的要求了,所以需要深度克隆,深度克隆就是说连spoonName也要克隆,因此,深度克隆的代码如下:
package prototype.deeply;
class Spoon implements Cloneable {
String spoonName[];
public Spoon(){
this.spoonName = new String[2];
}
public Object clone() {
Spoon object = null;
try {
object = (Spoon) super.clone();
object.spoonName=(String[])spoonName.clone();
}
catch (CloneNotSupportedException exception) {
System.err.println("AbstractSpoon is not Cloneable");
} return object;
}
}
public class Test{
public static void main(String args[]){
Spoon spoon1 = new Spoon();
spoon1.spoonName[0] = "spoon 1.a";
spoon1.spoonName[1] = "spoon 1.b";
Spoon spoon2 = (Spoon) spoon1.clone();
spoon2.spoonName[0] = "spoon 2.a";
spoon2.spoonName[1] = "spoon 2.b";
System.out.println("spoon 1 reference : "+spoon1);
System.out.println("spoon 1 name reference : "+spoon1.spoonName);
System.out.println("spoon 1 name : "+spoon1.spoonName[0] + "," + spoon1.spoonName[1]);
System.out.println("spoon 2 reference : "+spoon2);
System.out.println("spoon 2 name reference : "+spoon2.spoonName);
System.out.println("spoon 2 name : "+spoon2.spoonName[0] + "," + spoon2.spoonName[1]);
}
}
打印的结果是:
spoon 1 reference : prototype.deeply.Spoon@c17164
spoon 1 name reference : [Ljava.lang.String;@1fb8ee3
spoon 1 name : spoon 1.a,spoon 1.b
spoon 2 reference : prototype.deeply.Spoon@61de33
spoon 2 name reference : [Ljava.lang.String;@14318bb
spoon 2 name : spoon 2.a,spoon 2.b
上面的打印结果告诉我们深度克隆满足了需求。
对深度克隆进行一些说明,当你要克隆的对象包含了非基本数据类型(包含String)的时候,就要进去这个对象里面把不是基本数据类型的也克隆了,如果他下面还有不是基本数据类型了,再进去,直到全部都是基本数据类型了才截止。