句柄类（引用计数）——采用中间类实现方式

参考代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class B{
public:
 B(){}
 B(const string &n):name(n){}
 B(const char *n):name(n){}
 string getname(void) const{
  return name;
 }
 B(const B &b){
  name = b.getname();
 }
 void set(const string a){
  name = a;
 }
private:
 string name;
};

class handle;

class Temp{
friend class handle;
public:
 Temp():count(1){}
 Temp(const string &a):b(a),count(1){}
 Temp(const char * a):b(a),count(1){}
private:
 class B b;
 int count;
};

class handle{
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const handle& a);
public:
 handle():T(new Temp){}
 handle(const char *a):T(new Temp(a)){}
 handle(const string &a):T(new Temp(a)){}
 handle(const handle& h){
  h.T->count++;
  T=h.T;
 }
 handle& operator=(const handle&h){
  if(T == h.T)
  {
   return *this;
  }
  else
  {
   h.T->count++;
   if(--T->count == 0)
    delete T;
   T = h.T;
   return *this;
  }

 }
 string getstring() const{
  return T->b.getname();
 }
 void setstring(const string& a)
 {
  if( T->count !=1)
  {
   --T->count;
   T = new Temp(a);
  }
  else
   T->b.set(a);
 }
 int getnum () const
 {
  return T->count;
 }
 ~handle(){
  if(T)
  {
   if( --T->count == 0)
    delete T;
  }
 }
private:
 Temp *T;
};

ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const handle& a)
{
 os<<a.getstring();
 return os;
}

int main()
{
 handle h1("good");
 handle h2 = h1;
 handle h4;
 h4 = h1;
 cout<<h1<<endl;
 cout<<h1.getnum()<<endl;
 cout<<h4<<endl;
 cout<<h4.getnum()<<endl;

 h4.setstring("ok");

 cout<<h1<<endl;
 cout<<h1.getnum()<<endl;
 cout<<h4<<endl;
 cout<<h4.getnum()<<endl;
 return 0;

}