Linux-setup.S

!

!    setup.s        (C) 1991 Linus Torvalds

!

!

!－－利用BIOS中断读取机器系统数据，保存至0x90000

!－－setup.S将system模块从0x10000移动到0x00000

!－－加载IDT和GDT

!－－开启A20地址线

!－－重新设置中断控制

!－－设置CPU控制寄存器CR0，进入32位保护模式运行

!

!

! setup.s is responsible for getting the system data from the BIOS,

! and putting them into the appropriate places in system memory.

! both setup.s and system has been loaded by the bootblock.

!

! This code asks the bios for memory/disk/other parameters, and

! puts them in a "safe" place: 0x90000-0x901FF, ie where the

! boot-block used to be. It is then up to the protected mode

! system to read them from there before the area is overwritten

! for buffer-blocks.

!

! NOTE! These had better be the same as in bootsect.s!

#include <linux/config.h>

INITSEG  = DEF_INITSEG    ! we move boot here - out of the way

SYSSEG   = DEF_SYSSEG    ! system loaded at 0x10000 (65536).

SETUPSEG = DEF_SETUPSEG    ! this is the current segment

.globl begtext, begdata, begbss, endtext, enddata, endbss

.text

begtext:

.data

begdata:

.bss

begbss:

.text

entry start

start:

! ok, the read went well so we get current cursor position and save it for

! posterity.

    mov    ax,#INITSEG    ! this is done in bootsect already, but...

    mov    ds,ax

! Get memory size (extended mem, kB)

!－－利用BIOS中断读取机器系统数据，保存至0x90000

    mov    ah,#0x88

    int    0x15

    mov    [2],ax

! check for EGA/VGA and some config parameters

!                        检测屏幕和显卡等信息

    mov    ah,#0x12

    mov    bl,#0x10

    int    0x10

    mov    [8],ax

    mov    [10],bx

    mov    [12],cx

    mov    ax,#0x5019

    cmp    bl,#0x10

    je    novga

    call    chsvga

novga:    mov    [14],ax

    mov    ah,#0x03    ! read cursor pos

    xor    bh,bh

    int    0x10        ! save it in known place, con_init fetches

    mov    [0],dx        ! it from 0x90000.

    

! Get video-card data:

    

    mov    ah,#0x0f

    int    0x10

    mov    [4],bx        ! bh = display page

    mov    [6],ax        ! al = video mode, ah = window width

! Get hd0 data

!                        取硬盘参数信息

    mov    ax,#0x0000

    mov    ds,ax

    lds    si,[4*0x41]

    mov    ax,#INITSEG

    mov    es,ax

    mov    di,#0x0080

    mov    cx,#0x10

    rep

    movsb

! Get hd1 data

    mov    ax,#0x0000

    mov    ds,ax

    lds    si,[4*0x46]

    mov    ax,#INITSEG

    mov    es,ax

    mov    di,#0x0090

    mov    cx,#0x10

    rep

    movsb

! Check that there IS a hd1 :-)

    mov    ax,#0x01500

    mov    dl,#0x81

    int    0x13

    jc    no_disk1

    cmp    ah,#3

    je    is_disk1

no_disk1:

    mov    ax,#INITSEG

    mov    es,ax

    mov    di,#0x0090

    mov    cx,#0x10

    mov    ax,#0x00

    rep

    stosb

is_disk1:

! now we want to move to protected mode ...

    cli            ! no interrupts allowed !

! first we move the system to it's rightful place

!－－            setup.S将system模块从0x10000移动到0x00000

    mov    ax,#0x0000

    cld            ! 'direction'=0, movs moves forward

do_move:

    mov    es,ax        ! destination segment

    add    ax,#0x1000

    cmp    ax,#0x9000

    jz    end_move

    mov    ds,ax        ! source segment

    sub    di,di

    sub    si,si

    mov     cx,#0x8000

    rep

    movsw

    jmp    do_move

! then we load the segment descriptors

!－－                加载IDT和GDT

end_move:

    mov    ax,#SETUPSEG    ! right, forgot this at first. didn't work :-)

    mov    ds,ax

    lidt    idt_48        ! load idt with 0,0

    lgdt    gdt_48        ! load gdt with whatever appropriate

! that was painless, now we enable A20

!                    开启A20地址线

    call    empty_8042

    mov    al,#0xD1        ! command write

    out    #0x64,al

    call    empty_8042

    mov    al,#0xDF        ! A20 on

    out    #0x60,al

    call    empty_8042

! well, that went ok, I hope. Now we have to reprogram the interrupts :-(

! we put them right after the intel-reserved hardware interrupts, at

! int 0x20-0x2F. There they won't mess up anything. Sadly IBM really

! messed this up with the original PC, and they haven't been able to

! rectify it afterwards. Thus the bios puts interrupts at 0x08-0x0f,

! which is used for the internal hardware interrupts as well. We just

! have to reprogram the 8259's, and it isn't fun.

!                        利用8259A芯片对中断进行编程

    mov    al,#0x11        ! initialization sequence

    out    #0x20,al        ! send it to 8259A-1

    .word    0x00eb,0x00eb        ! jmp $+2, jmp $+2

    out    #0xA0,al        ! and to 8259A-2

    .word    0x00eb,0x00eb

    mov    al,#0x20        ! start of hardware int's (0x20)

    out    #0x21,al

    .word    0x00eb,0x00eb

    mov    al,#0x28        ! start of hardware int's 2 (0x28)

    out    #0xA1,al

    .word    0x00eb,0x00eb

    mov    al,#0x04        ! 8259-1 is master

    out    #0x21,al

    .word    0x00eb,0x00eb

    mov    al,#0x02        ! 8259-2 is slave

    out    #0xA1,al

    .word    0x00eb,0x00eb

    mov    al,#0x01        ! 8086 mode for both

    out    #0x21,al

    .word    0x00eb,0x00eb

    out    #0xA1,al

    .word    0x00eb,0x00eb

    mov    al,#0xFF        ! mask off all interrupts for now

    out    #0x21,al

    .word    0x00eb,0x00eb

    out    #0xA1,al

! well, that certainly wasn't fun :-(. Hopefully it works, and we don't

! need no steenking BIOS anyway (except for the initial loading :-).

! The BIOS-routine wants lots of unnecessary data, and it's less

! "interesting" anyway. This is how REAL programmers do it.

!

! Well, now's the time to actually move into protected mode. To make

! things as simple as possible, we do no register set-up or anything,

! we let the gnu-compiled 32-bit programs do that. We just jump to

! absolute address 0x00000, in 32-bit protected mode.

!                    跳跳跳跳跳跳跳跳跳跳跳跳跳跳至0x00000处，进入保护模式，执行head.s代码

    mov    ax,#0x0001    ! protected mode (PE) bit

    lmsw    ax        ! This is it!

    jmpi    0,8        ! jmp offset 0 of segment 8 (cs)

! This routine checks that the keyboard command queue is empty

! No timeout is used - if this hangs there is something wrong with

! the machine, and we probably couldn't proceed anyway.

empty_8042:

    .word    0x00eb,0x00eb

    in    al,#0x64    ! 8042 status port

    test    al,#2        ! is input buffer full?

    jnz    empty_8042    ! yes - loop

    ret

! Routine trying to recognize type of SVGA-board present (if any)

! and if it recognize one gives the choices of resolution it offers.

! If one is found the resolution chosen is given by al,ah (rows,cols).

!                                后面是一堆垃圾程序

chsvga:    cld

    push    ds

    push    cs

    pop    ds

    mov     ax,#0xc000

    mov    es,ax

......................