C#将Bitmap转换成byte[]，可以传给C++处理，与Opencv通信。

C++端opencv代码：

#define DLL_API __declspec(dllexport)
extern "C" 
{
DLL_API int opencvtest(unsigned char* src, int w, int h, int channel);
}

int DLL_API opencvtest(unsigned char* src, int w, int h, int channel)
{
	int format;
	switch (channel)
	{
	case 1:
		format = CV_8UC1;
		break;
	case 2:
		format = CV_8UC2;
		break;
	case 3:
		format = CV_8UC3;
		break;
	default:
		format = CV_8UC4;
		break;
	}
	//int lineByte = (w + 3) / 4 * 4;
	Mat img(h, w, format, src);
	int thickness = -1;
	int lineType = 8;

	//画一个圆
	circle(img,
		Point(200,200),
		w / 16,
		Scalar(0, 0, 255),
		thickness,
		lineType);

	//img.data = src;
	namedWindow("test1", CV_WINDOW_FREERATIO);
	resizeWindow("test1", 800, 600);
	imshow("test1", img);
	return 1;
}

C#端代码：

[DllImport("testDll.dll", EntryPoint = "opencvtest", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)]
extern static int opencvtest(byte[] src, int w, int h, int channel);

Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap("1.bmp");      
pictureBox1.Image = bmp;
int stride;
byte[] source = GetBGRValues(bmp, out stride);
int channel = Image.GetPixelFormatSize(bmp.PixelFormat) / 8;
opencvtest(source, bmp.Width, bmp.Height, channel);	//opencv对内存操作，画了一个圈
pictureBox2.Image = getBitmapByBytes(source, bmp.Width, bmp.Height, stride, bmp.PixelFormat);	//从byte[]数组中获取到的图像已经有画圈了，证明传输通信成功

/// <summary>
/// 生成灰度图的调色板
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static ColorPalette getGrayPalette()
{
    // 下面的代码是为了修改生成位图的索引表，从伪彩修改为灰度 
    ColorPalette tempPalette;
    using (Bitmap tempBmp = new Bitmap(1, 1, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format8bppIndexed))
    {
	tempPalette = tempBmp.Palette;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
    {
	tempPalette.Entries[i] = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(i, i, i);
    }
    return tempPalette;
}

/// <summary>
/// 从图像Byte数组获取Bitmap
/// </summary>
/// <param name="src"></param>
/// <param name="w"></param>
/// <param name="h"></param>
/// <param name="stride"></param>
/// <param name="format"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static Bitmap getBitmapByBytes(byte[] src, int w, int h, int stride, PixelFormat format)
{
    IntPtr ptr = getBytesPtr(src);

    int rowBytes = w * Image.GetPixelFormatSize(format) / 8;
    byte[] rgbValues = new byte[stride * h];
    for (var i = 0; i < h; i++)
    {
	//int len = stride - (stride-rowBytes);
	Marshal.Copy(ptr, rgbValues, i * stride, rowBytes);   //对齐
	ptr += rowBytes; // next row
    }
    //Marshal.FreeHGlobal(ptr);
    ptr = getBytesPtr(rgbValues);

    Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(w, h, stride, format, ptr);
    if (format == PixelFormat.Format8bppIndexed)
    {
	bitmap.Palette = getGrayPalette();   //如果是单通道灰度图，默认的bitmap调色板不对，需要手动设置
    }
    return bitmap;
}

/// <summary>
/// 获取bytes数组的头指针，非托管
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bytes"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IntPtr getBytesPtr(byte[] bytes)
{
    GCHandle hObject = GCHandle.Alloc(bytes, GCHandleType.Pinned);
    return hObject.AddrOfPinnedObject();
}

/// <summary>
/// 获取bitmap的byte数据，并输出stride
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bmp"></param>
/// <param name="stride"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] GetBGRValues(Bitmap bmp, out int stride)
{
    var rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height);
    var bmpData = bmp.LockBits(rect, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, bmp.PixelFormat);
    stride = bmpData.Stride;
    //int channel = bmpData.Stride / bmp.Width; 
    var rowBytes = bmpData.Width * Image.GetPixelFormatSize(bmp.PixelFormat) / 8;
    var imgBytes = bmp.Height * rowBytes;
    byte[] rgbValues = new byte[imgBytes];
    IntPtr ptr = bmpData.Scan0;
    for (var i = 0; i < bmp.Height; i++)
    {
	Marshal.Copy(ptr, rgbValues, i * rowBytes, rowBytes);   //对齐
	ptr += bmpData.Stride; // next row
    }
    bmp.UnlockBits(bmpData);

    return rgbValues;
}