CC00036.flink——|Hadoop&Flink.V03|——|Flink.v03|Flink State|状态原理|原理剖析|状态类型|

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已于 2022-04-14 16:49:00 修改

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分类专栏： bigdatav020——flink 文章标签：列表 java flink spark python

于 2022-04-13 15:10:00 首次发布

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本文深入探讨了Flink的状态原理，从基础概念到详细剖析，涵盖不同状态类型及其在实际案例中的应用。通过编程源码实现流程，进一步理解Flink的状态管理机制。

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一、Flink的State--状态原理及原理剖析

### --- Flink的state&状态原理及原理剖析

~~~     State:用来保存计算结果或缓存数据。
~~~     Sum

二、状态类型

### --- 状态类型

~~~     Flink根据是否需要保存中间结果，把计算分为有状态计算和无状态计算
~~~     有状态计算：依赖之前或之后的事件
~~~     无状态计算：独立
~~~     根据数据结构不同，Flink定义了多种state，应用于不同的场景

~~~     # ValueState：
~~~     即类型为T的单值状态。这个状态与对应的key绑定，是最简单的状态了。
~~~     它可以通过update 方法更新状态值，通过value() 方法获取状态值。

~~~     # ListState：
~~~     即key上的状态值为一个列表。可以通过add 方法往列表中附加值；
~~~     也可以通过get()方法返回一个Iterable<T> 来遍历状态值。

~~~     # ReducingState：
~~~     这种状态通过用户传入的reduceFunction，每次调用add 方法添加值的时候，
~~~     会调用reduceFunction，最后合并到一个单一的状态值。

~~~     # FoldingState：
~~~     跟ReducingState有点类似，不过它的状态值类型可以与add 方法中传入的元素类型不同
~~~     (这种状态将会在Flink未来版本中被删除)。

~~~     # MapState：

~~~     即状态值为一个map。用户通过put 或putAll 方法添加元素
~~~     State按照是否有key划分为KeyedState和OperatorState
~~~     Keyed State:KeyedStream流上的每一个Key都对应一个State

三、状态类型案例

### --- 状态类型案例

~~~     # 案例：利用state求平均值
~~~     原始数据：(1,3)(1,5)(1,7)(1,4)(1,2)

~~~     # 思路：
~~~     读数据源
~~~     将数据源根据key分组
~~~     按照key分组策略，对流式数据调用状态化处理在处理过程中：

四、编程源码实现流程

### --- 实例化出一个状态实例

~~~     # 源码提取说明
<T> ValueState<T> getState(ValueStateDescriptor<T> stateProperties);
ValueStateDescriptor<Tuple2<Long, Long>> descriptor = new ValueStateDescriptor<>
    (
    "average",
    TypeInformation.of(new TypeHint<Tuple2<Long, Long>>() {
                       })
    , Tuple2.of(0L, 0L)
);

getRuntimeContext().getState(descriptor);
/**
    * Creates a new {@code ValueStateDescriptor} with the given name and default value.
    *
    * @deprecated Use {@link #ValueStateDescriptor(String, TypeInformation)} instead and manually
    * manage the default value by checking whether the contents of the state is {@code null}.
    *
    * @param name The (unique) name for the state.
    * @param typeInfo The type of the values in the state.
    * @param defaultValue The default value that will be set when requesting
    state without setting
    * a value before.
*/

@Deprecated
public ValueStateDescriptor(String name, TypeInformation<T> typeInfo, T defaultValue) {
    super(name, typeInfo, defaultValue);
}

### --- 随着流式数据的到来，更新状态
### --- 输出计算结果

sum.update(currentSum);
void update(T value) throws IOException;

五、编程代码实现

### --- 编程代码实现：keyed State:代码：

package com.yanqi.state;

import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.FlatMapFunction;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.MapFunction;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.RichFlatMapFunction;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ValueState;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ValueStateDescriptor;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeHint;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeInformation;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.tuple.Tuple2;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.KeyedStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.SingleOutputStreamOperator;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;

public class StateDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //(1,3)(1,5)(1,7)(1,4)(1,2)
        StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
        env.enableCheckpointing(2000);
        DataStreamSource<String> data = env.socketTextStream("hadoop01", 7777);
        SingleOutputStreamOperator<Tuple2<Long, Long>> maped = data.map(new MapFunction<String, Tuple2<Long, Long>>() {
            @Override
            public Tuple2<Long, Long> map(String value) throws Exception {
                String[] split = value.split(",");
                return new Tuple2<Long, Long>(Long.valueOf(split[0]), Long.valueOf(split[1]));
            }
        });
//        DataStreamSource<Tuple2<Long,Long>> data = env.fromElements(new Tuple2(1l, 3l), new Tuple2(1l, 5l), new Tuple2(1l, 7l), new Tuple2(1l, 4l), new Tuple2(1l, 2l));

        KeyedStream<Tuple2<Long,Long>, Long> keyed = maped.keyBy(value -> value.f0);

        //按照key分组策略，对流式数据调用状态化处理
        SingleOutputStreamOperator<Tuple2<Long, Long>> flatMaped = keyed.flatMap(new RichFlatMapFunction<Tuple2<Long, Long>, Tuple2<Long, Long>>() {
            ValueState<Tuple2<Long, Long>> sumState;

            @Override
            public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {
                //在open方法中做出State
                ValueStateDescriptor<Tuple2<Long, Long>> descriptor = new ValueStateDescriptor<>(
                        "average",
                        TypeInformation.of(new TypeHint<Tuple2<Long, Long>>() {
                        }),
                        Tuple2.of(0L, 0L)
                );

                sumState = getRuntimeContext().getState(descriptor);
                super.open(parameters);
            }

            @Override
            public void flatMap(Tuple2<Long, Long> value, Collector<Tuple2<Long, Long>> out) throws Exception {
                //在flatMap方法中，更新State
                Tuple2<Long, Long> currentSum = sumState.value();

                currentSum.f0 += 1;
                currentSum.f1 += value.f1;

                sumState.update(currentSum);

                if (currentSum.f0 == 2) {
                    long avarage = currentSum.f1 / currentSum.f0;
                    out.collect(new Tuple2<>(value.f0, avarage));
                    sumState.clear();
                }

            }
        });

        flatMaped.print();
        flatMaped.addSink(new OperaterStateDemo(2));

        env.execute();
    }
}

package com.yanqi.state;

import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ListState;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.state.ListStateDescriptor;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeHint;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeInformation;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.tuple.Tuple2;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.FunctionInitializationContext;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.FunctionSnapshotContext;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.checkpoint.CheckpointedFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.sink.SinkFunction;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 1、在Flink中，做出OperatorState有两种方式：1、实现CheckpointedFunction接口  2、实现ListCheckPointed
 * 2、两个方法：initializeState/snapshotState
 * initializeState:每一个Function在最开始的实例化的时候调用，方法内，实例化状态
 * snapshotState：每次checkpoint的时候被调用，将操作的最新数据放到最新的检查点中
 * 3、invoke：
 * 每来一个数据调用一次，把所有的到来的数据都放到缓存器中。目的是为了checkpoint的时候，从缓存器两种拿出数据
 *
 */
public class OperaterStateDemo implements SinkFunction<Tuple2<Long,Long>>, CheckpointedFunction {
    ListState<Tuple2<Long, Long>> operatorState;
    int threshold;

    private List<Tuple2<Long,Long>> bufferedElements;

    public OperaterStateDemo(int threshold) {
        this.threshold = threshold;
        this.bufferedElements = new ArrayList<>();
    }

    @Override
    public void snapshotState(FunctionSnapshotContext context) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("....snapshotState");
        this.operatorState.clear();
        for (Tuple2<Long,Long> element : bufferedElements) {
            operatorState.add(element);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void initializeState(FunctionInitializationContext context) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("....initializeState");
        //做出一个State
        ListStateDescriptor<Tuple2<Long, Long>> operatarDemoDescriptor = new ListStateDescriptor<>(
                "operatarDemo",
                TypeInformation.of(new TypeHint<Tuple2<Long, Long>>() {
                })
        );
        operatorState = context.getOperatorStateStore().getListState(operatarDemoDescriptor);
        if(context.isRestored()) {//说明程序异常中断...nonono...just datasource was wrong,程序仍在努力容错
            for (Tuple2<Long,Long> element: operatorState.get()) {
                bufferedElements.add(element);
            }
            System.out.println("....context.isRestored():true" + bufferedElements);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void invoke(Tuple2<Long, Long> value, Context context) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("---------invoke..........");
        bufferedElements.add(value);

        if(bufferedElements.size() == threshold) {
            //
            for(Tuple2<Long,Long> element : bufferedElements) {
                System.out.println("...out:" + element);
            }
            bufferedElements.clear();
        }
    }
}

### --- 编译打印

~~~     # 启动nc写入数据流
[root@hadoop01 ~]# nc -lp 7777
~~~ 写入数据流
01,1586489566000
01,1586489567000
01,1586489568000
01,1586489569000
01,1586489570000
01,1586489571000
01,1586489572000
01,1586489573000
01,1586489574000
01,1586489575000
01,1586489576000
01,1586489577000
01,1586489578000
01,1586489579000

~~~     # 编译打印

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onnector-java-8.0.21.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\flink\flink-cep_2.12\1.11.1\flink-cep_2.12-1.11.1.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\flink\flink-json\1.11.1\flink-json-1.11.1.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\flink\flink-csv\1.11.1\flink-csv-1.11.1.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\flink\flink-orc_2.12\1.11.1\flink-orc_2.12-1.11.1.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\orc\orc-core\1.5.6\orc-core-1.5.6.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\orc\orc-shims\1.5.6\orc-shims-1.5.6.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\io\airlift\aircompressor\0.10\aircompressor-0.10.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hive\hive-storage-api\2.6.0\hive-storage-api-2.6.0.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\flink\flink-hbase_2.12\1.10.2\flink-hbase_2.12-1.10.2.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hbase\hbase-server\1.4.3\hbase-server-1.4.3.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hbase\hbase-common\1.4.3\hbase-common-1.4.3.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\com\github\stephenc\findbugs\findbugs-annotations\1.3.9-1\findbugs-annotations-1.3.9-1.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hbase\hbase-protocol\1.4.3\hbase-protocol-1.4.3.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hbase\hbase-procedure\1.4.3\hbase-procedure-1.4.3.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hbase\hbase-common\1.4.3\hbase-common-1.4.3-tests.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hbase\hbase-client\1.4.3\hbase-client-1.4.3.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hbase\hbase-prefix-tree\1.4.3\hbase-prefix-tree-1.4.3.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hbase\hbase-metrics-api\1.4.3\hbase-metrics-api-1.4.3.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hbase\hbase-metrics\1.4.3\hbase-metrics-1.4.3.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\io\dropwizard\metrics\metrics-core\3.1.2\metrics-core-3.1.2.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\commons-httpclient\commons-httpclient\3.1\commons-httpclient-3.1.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hbase\hbase-hadoop-compat\1.4.3\hbase-hadoop-compat-1.4.3.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\hbase\hbase-hadoop2-compat\1.4.3\hbase-hadoop2-compat-1.4.3.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\com\yammer\metrics\metrics-core\2.2.0\metrics-core-2.2.0.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\commons\commons-math\2.2\commons-math-2.2.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\htrace\htrace-core\3.1.0-incubating\htrace-core-3.1.0-incubating.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\com\lmax\disruptor\3.3.0\disruptor-3.3.0.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\junit\junit\4.12\junit-4.12.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest-core\1.3\hamcrest-core-1.3.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\postgresql\postgresql\42.2.16\postgresql-42.2.16.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\checkerframework\checker-qual\3.5.0\checker-qual-3.5.0.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\com\github\housepower\clickhouse-native-jdbc\1.6-stable\clickhouse-native-jdbc-1.6-stable.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\net\jpountz\lz4\lz4\1.3.0\lz4-1.3.0.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\joda-time\joda-time\2.9.9\joda-time-2.9.9.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\kudu\kudu-client\1.5.0\kudu-client-1.5.0.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\com\stumbleupon\async\1.4.1\async-1.4.1.jar;C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\repository\org\apache\yetus\audience-annotations\0.4.0\audience-annotations-0.4.0.jar com.yanqi.state.StateDemo

....initializeState
....initializeState
....initializeState
....initializeState
3> (1,1586489567500)
---------invoke..........
3> (1,1586489568500)
---------invoke..........
...out:(1,1586489567500)
...out:(1,1586489568500)
3> (1,1586489569500)
---------invoke..........
....snapshotState
....snapshotState
....snapshotState
....snapshotState
3> (1,1586489572500)
---------invoke..........
...out:(1,1586489569500)
...out:(1,1586489572500)
3> (1,1586489576000)
---------invoke..........
3> (1,1586489576500)
---------invoke..........
...out:(1,1586489576000)
...out:(1,1586489576500)
3> (1,1586489577000)
---------invoke..........
....snapshotState
....snapshotState

六、状态类型流程说明

### --- Operator State代码：
### --- 见状态存储

ListCheckPointed
CheckPointedFunction

### --- Keyed State

~~~     表示和Key相关的一种State，只能用于KeydStream类型数据集对应的Functions和 Operators之上。
~~~     Keyed State是 Operator State的特例，区别在于 Keyed State 事先按照key对数据集进行了分区，
~~~     每个Key State 仅对应ー个 Operator和Key的组合。
~~~     Keyed State可以通过 Key Groups 进行管理，主要用于当算子并行度发生变化时，
~~~     自动重新分布Keyed State数据。在系统运行过程中，
~~~     一个Keyed算子实例可能运行一个或者多个Key Groups的keys。

### --- Operator State

~~~     与 Keyed State不同的是， Operator State只和并行的算子实例绑定，和数据元素中的key无关，
~~~     每个算子实例中持有所有数据元素中的一部分状态数据。
~~~     Operator State支持当算子实例并行度发生变化时自动重新分配状态数据。
~~~     同时在 Flink中 Keyed State和 Operator State均具有两种形式，
~~~     其中一种为托管状态( ManagedState)形式，由 Flink Runtime中控制和管理状态数据，
~~~     并将状态数据转换成为内存 Hash tables或ROCKSDB的对象存储，
~~~     然后将这些状态数据通过内部的接口持久化到 Checkpoints 中，
~~~     任务异常时可以通过这些状态数据恢复任务。
~~~     另外一种是原生状态(Raw State)形式，由算子自己管理数据结构，
~~~     当触发 Checkpoint过程中， Flink并不知道状态数据内部的数据结构，
~~~     只是将数据转换成bys数据存储在 Checkpoints中，当从Checkpoints恢复任务时，
~~~     算子自己再反序列化出状态的数据结构。
~~~     Datastream API支持使用 Managed State和 Raw State两种状态形式，
~~~     在 Flink中推荐用户使用Managed State管理状态数据，
~~~     主要原因是 Managed State 能够更好地支持状态数据的重平衡以及更加完善的内存管理。