参考了尚硅谷的spring cloud课程,做了一些笔记,完整代码:https://github.com/yao09605/mscloud
文章目录
Gateway的三大核心概念
- 路由——route
路由是构建网关的基本模块,它由ID,目标URI,一系列的断言和过滤器组成,如果断言为true则匹配该路由
- 断言——predicate
参考的是java8的java.util.function.Predicate开发人员可以匹配HTTP请求中的所有内容(例如请求头或请求参数),如果请求与断言相匹配则进行路由
- 过滤——filter
指的是Spring框架中GatewayFilter的实例,使用过滤器,可以在请求被路由前或者之后对请求进行修改。
总体:route是把请求送到目的的整体过程,这个过程中通过predicate对请求进行校验,使用filter对请求或者返回进行修改。
如何配置
pom依赖
<!--新增gateway-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--会用到注册中心-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
yml配置
server:
port: 9527
spring:
application:
name: cloud-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true
lower-case-service-id: true
routes:
- id: payment_routh #路由的ID,没有固定规则但要求唯一,建议配合服务名
# uri: http://localhost:8001 #匹配后提供服务的路由地址
uri: lb://cloud-payment-service #通过微服务名访问,lb是默认的协议名
predicates:
- Path=/payment/get/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
- id: payment_routh2
# uri: http://localhost:8001
uri: lb://cloud-payment-service
filters:
- AddRequestParameter=X-Request-Id,1024 #过滤工厂增加请求头
predicates:
- Path=/payment/lb/** #断言,路径相匹配的进行路由
# - After=2020-12-28T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
# - Before=2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
# - Between=2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] , 2020-03-08T10:59:34.102+08:00[Asia/Shanghai]
#- Cookie=username,zzyy
#- Header=X-Request-Id, \d+ #请求头包含“X-Request-Id”
#- Host=**.atguigu.com
#- Method=GET
#- Query=username, \d+ #要有参数名称并且是正整数才能路由
eureka:
instance:
hostname: cloud-gateway-service
client:
service-url:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka
自定义filter
package com.example.mscloud.filter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.util.Date;
@Component
@Slf4j
public class MyLogGateWayFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
log.info("*********come in MyLogGateWayFilter: "+new Date());
String username = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("username");
if(StringUtils.isEmpty(username)){
log.info("*****用户名为Null 非法用户,(┬_┬)");
exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);//给人家一个回应
return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
}
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
@Override
public int getOrder() {
return 0;
}
}
官网
https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/docs/2.2.5.RELEASE/reference/html/
可以使用的predicateFactory
可以使用的gatewayfilter-factories
可以使用的global-filters
https://docs.spring.io/spring-cloud-gateway/docs/2.2.5.RELEASE/reference/html/#global-filters