Python函数传递实参、返回值、传递列表等用法（1） ——8

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-- coding:utf-8 --

#1.简单的函数

def greet_user():       # 函数定义
    print("Hello!")   """显示简单的问候语"""
greet_user()            # 函数调用

#2.函数带参数

def greet_user(username):
    print("Hello, " + username.title() + "!")    """显示简单的问候语"""
greet_user("jesse") # 单引号、双引号都可以

#3.位置实参

def describe_pet(animal_type, pet_name):
    """显示宠物的信息"""
    print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
    print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")

describe_pet('hamster', 'harry')

#4.关键值实参

def describe_pet(animal_type, pet_name):
    """显示宠物的信息"""
    print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
    print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")

describe_pet(animal_type='hamster', pet_name='harry')
describe_pet(pet_name='harry', animal_type='hamster')

#5.给形参指定默认值

def describe_pet(pet_name, animal_type='dog'):      # 有默认值的形参放在后面
    """显示宠物的信息"""
    print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")
    print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")

describe_pet(pet_name='willie')
describe_pet('willie')
describe_pet('willie', 'cat')

#6.返回值

def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name):
    """返回整洁的姓名"""
    full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
    return full_name.title()

musician = get_formatted_name('max', 'liu')
print(musician)

#7.实参变为可选的

def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name, middle_name = ''):
    """返回整洁的姓名"""
    if middle_name:
        full_name = first_name + ' ' + middle_name + ' ' + last_name
    else:
        full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
    return full_name.title()

musician = get_formatted_name('john', 'lee', 'hooker')
print(musician)
musician = get_formatted_name('john', 'hooker')
print(musician)

#8.1返回字典

def build_person(first_name, last_name):
    """返回一个字典， 其中包含有关一个人的信息"""
    person = {'first': first_name, 'last': last_name}
    return person

musician = build_person('Max', 'Liu')
print(musician)

#8.2.利用可变实参，扩展字典

def build_person(first_name, last_name, age = ''):
    """返回一个字典， 其中包含有关一个人的信息"""
    person = {'first': first_name, 'last': last_name}
    if age:
        person['age'] = age     # 扩展字典
    return person

musician = build_person('Max', 'Liu', 18)
print(musician)

#9.函数和while结合

def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name):
    """返回整洁的姓名"""
    full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name
    return full_name.title()
    #这是一个无限循环!
while True:
    print("\nPlease tell me your name:")
    print("(enter 'q' at any time to quit)")
    f_name = input("First name: ")
    if f_name == 'q':
        break
    l_name = input("Last name: ")
    if l_name == 'q':
        break
    formatted_name = get_formatted_name(f_name, l_name)
    print("\nHello, " + formatted_name + "!")

#10.传递列表

def greet_users(names):
    """向列表中的每位用户都发出简单的问候"""
    for name in names:
        msg = "Hello, " + name.title() + "!"
        print(msg)

usernames = ['hannah', 'ty', 'margot']
greet_users(usernames)

#11.在函数中修改列表

def print_models(unprinted_designs, completed_models):
    """
    模拟打印每个设计， 直到没有未打印的设计为止
    打印每个设计后， 都将其移到列表completed_models中
    """
    while unprinted_designs:
        current_design = unprinted_designs.pop()
        # 模拟根据设计制作3D打印模型的过程
        print("Printing model: " + current_design)
        completed_models.append(current_design)

def show_completed_models(completed_models):
    """显示打印好的所有模型"""
    print("\nThe following models have been printed:")
    for completed_model in completed_models:
        print(completed_model)

unprinted_designs = ['iphone case', 'robot pendant', 'dodecahedron']
completed_models = []

#print_models(unprinted_designs, completed_models)
print_models(unprinted_designs[:], completed_models)  # 切片表示法[:] 创建列表的副本,原来的列表unprinted_designs不变
show_completed_models(completed_models)

print(unprinted_designs)