C++实现strcpy, strlen, strstr, atoi等字符串相关API

实现strcpy，字符串拷贝函数，具体实现如下：

char* strcpy(char *to, const char *from){
	assert(to != NULL && from != NULL);
	char *p = to;
	while((*p++ = *from++) != '\0'); //++ has a higher priority than * 
	return to;
} 

实现strlen，获取字符串长度，具体实现如下：

size_t strlen(const char *str){
	const char *s;
	for(s = str; *s; ++s);
	return (s -str);
}

实现strstr，子串查找函数，具体实现如下：

char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
	// if needle is empty return the full string
	if (!*needle) return (char*) haystack;
	const char *p1;
	const char *p2;
	const char *p1_advance = haystack;
	for (p2 = &needle[1]; *p2; ++p2) {
		p1_advance++; // advance p1_advance M-1 times
	}
	for (p1 = haystack; *p1_advance; p1_advance++) {
		char *p1_old = (char*) p1;
		p2 = needle;
		while (*p1 && *p2 && *p1 == *p2) {
			p1++;
			p2++;
		}
		if (!*p2) return p1_old;
		p1 = p1_old + 1;
	}
	return NULL;
}

实现atoi，将一个字符串转化为整数，具体实现如下：

int atoi(const char *str) {
	int num = 0;
	int sign = 1;
	const int len = strlen(str);
	int i = 0;
	while (str[i] == ' ' && i < len) i++;
	if (str[i] == '+') i++;
	if (str[i] == '-') {
		sign = -1;
		i++;
	}
	for (; i < len; i++) {
		if (str[i] < '0' || str[i] > '9')
		break;
		if (num > INT_MAX / 10 || (num == INT_MAX / 10 && (str[i] - '0') > INT_MAX % 10)) {
			return sign == -1 ? INT_MIN : INT_MAX;
		}
		num = num * 10 + str[i] - '0';
	}
	return num * sign;
}