直接上代码
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- System.out.println(1.0 - 0.1);
- System.out.println(1.0 - 0.2);
- System.out.println(1.0 - 0.3);
- System.out.println(1.0 - 0.4);
- System.out.println(1.0 - 0.5);
- System.out.println(1.0 - 0.6);
- System.out.println(1.0 - 0.7);
- System.out.println(1.0 - 0.8);
- System.out.println(1.0 - 0.9);
- System.out.println(1.0 - 1.0);
- }
public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(1.0 - 0.1); System.out.println(1.0 - 0.2); System.out.println(1.0 - 0.3); System.out.println(1.0 - 0.4); System.out.println(1.0 - 0.5); System.out.println(1.0 - 0.6); System.out.println(1.0 - 0.7); System.out.println(1.0 - 0.8); System.out.println(1.0 - 0.9); System.out.println(1.0 - 1.0); }
最后输出的结果为神马是
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.30000000000000004 0.19999999999999996 0.09999999999999998 0.0
为什么呢?
简单的说,问题处在"IEEE 754 floating-point arithmetic",虽然在java是遵循这个规则的,但是java语言的实现,并不是使用小数点或者十进制来表示数字,相反,它是采用分数和指数来表示,而且是
使用二进制的,我们可以举个例子:
- 0.5 = 1/2
- 0.75 = 1/2 + 1/(2^2)
- 0.85 = 1/2 + 1/(2^2) + 1/(2^3)
- 0.1 = 1/(2^4) + 1/(2^5) + 1/(2^8) + ...
0.5 = 1/2 0.75 = 1/2 + 1/(2^2) 0.85 = 1/2 + 1/(2^2) + 1/(2^3) 0.1 = 1/(2^4) + 1/(2^5) + 1/(2^8) + ...
注意,0.1只能是无限循环下去的,这就意味着0.1在java里面不能够准确的用浮点数来表示,也就造成了浮点数运算上面的误差。
举个例子:
- if (0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 != 0.3)
- System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 is not equal with 0.3");
- else
- System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 is equal to 0.3");
if (0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 != 0.3) System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 is not equal with 0.3"); else System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 is equal to 0.3");
每个人都知道,0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 == 0.3,但是在java的实际结果却不是这样。
更深入的话
有人会问,为什么
System.out.println(0.1f);
输出的还是0.1呢?
因为在源代码里面println调用的是Float#toString(float),最终的实现是在
- public static String toString(float f) {
- return new FloatingDecimal(f).toJavaFormatString();
- }
public static String toString(float f) { return new FloatingDecimal(f).toJavaFormatString(); }
有兴趣的童鞋可以去阅读源代码,FloatingDecimal帮你做了很多事情。
这也牵涉出另外一个话题,如何避免上面出现的问题,
对的,就是BigDecimal,关于BigDecimal,我相信你们在api上面会找到更多的答案。
题外话
用
BigDecimal(java.lang.String)
不要用
BigDecimal(double) or BigDecimal(float)
为什么呢?API上面写的很清楚了
所以
- System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.1f));
- System.out.println(new BigDecimal("0.1"));
- System.out.println(0.1f);
System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.1f)); System.out.println(new BigDecimal("0.1")); System.out.println(0.1f);
结果是不一样的
更加更加更加深入的话
- if (0.1f + 0.1f + 0.1f != 0.3f)
- System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 is not equal to 0.3");
- else
- System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 is equal to 0.3");
- if (0.1 + 0.1 != 0.2)
- System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 is not equal to 0.2");
- else
- System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 is equal to 0.2");
if (0.1f + 0.1f + 0.1f != 0.3f) System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 is not equal to 0.3"); else System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 is equal to 0.3"); if (0.1 + 0.1 != 0.2) System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 is not equal to 0.2"); else System.out.println("0.1 + 0.1 is equal to 0.2");
为何上面两串代码输出不一样?为何0.3d就不能用3个0.1d相加,而0.2d就可以用2个0.1d相加呢?
原因的话,自己看下面的输出了
- System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.2d));
- System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.1d).add(new BigDecimal(0.1d)));
- System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.2f));
- System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.1f).add(new BigDecimal(0.1f)));
- System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.3d));
- System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.1d).add(new BigDecimal(0.1d)).add(new BigDecimal(0.1d)));
- System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.3f));
- System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.1f).add(new BigDecimal(0.1f)).add(new BigDecimal(0.1f)));
System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.2d)); System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.1d).add(new BigDecimal(0.1d))); System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.2f)); System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.1f).add(new BigDecimal(0.1f))); System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.3d)); System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.1d).add(new BigDecimal(0.1d)).add(new BigDecimal(0.1d))); System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.3f)); System.out.println(new BigDecimal(0.1f).add(new BigDecimal(0.1f)).add(new BigDecimal(0.1f)));