深入理解Spring MVC及其组件
spring mvc 设计思想与体系结构组成
servlet 与jsp 执行过程
处理流程说明
- 1.请求Servlet
- 2.处理业务逻辑
- 3.设置业务Model
- 4.forward jsp Servlet
- 5和6. jsp Servlet 解析封装html 返回
注:这是一个典型的MVC场景,M是model数据,V是jsp视图,C是Servlet
spring mvc 执行流程
spring mvc本质上还是在使用Servlet处理,并在其基础上进行了封装简化了开发流程,提高易用性、并使用程序逻辑结构变得更清晰。主要体现在一下几点:
- a.基于注解的URL映谢
- b.http表单参数转换
- c.全局统一异常处理
- d.拦截器的实现
spring mvc 体系结构
- HandlerMapping
url与控制器的映谢 - HandlerAdapter
控制器执行适配器 - ViewResolver
视图仓库 - view
具体解析视图 - HandlerExceptionResolver
异常捕捕捉器 - HandlerInterceptor
拦截器
Spring MVC案例演示
- 1.新建模块,maven项目的web工程,
目录结构如下:
并在pom文件中添加如下依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jstl依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
- 2.web.xml配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>springMVC</display-name>
<!-- 部署 DispatcherServlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 表示容器再启动时立即加载servlet -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!-- 处理所有URL -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
- 3.spring-mvc.xml配置文件如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<!--注解配置需要配这两项,不使用注解可不配-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example.mvc.controller" />
<!--注解配置需要配这两项,不使用注解可不配-->
<!-- 注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<bean id="simple" class="com.example.mvc.controller.SimpleController"/>
<!--<bean id="/luban.do" class="com.example.mvc.controller.BeanNameController"/>-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
<property name="urlMap">
<props>
<prop key="/hello.do">simple</prop>
</props>
</property>
<property name="interceptors">
<bean class="com.example.mvc.interceptor.TestInterceptor"/>
</property>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
</bean>
<bean class="com.example.mvc.exception.SimpleExceptionHandler"/>
</beans>
- 4.新建SimpleController.java
package com.example.mvc.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class SimpleController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("userView");
mv.addObject("name","hhh");
return mv;
}
}
- 5.配置拦截器
package com.example.mvc.interceptor;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class TestInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("pre=========");
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("postHandle=========");
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("afterCompletion=========");
}
}
- 6.userView.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
测试
${name}
</body>
</html>
- 7.查看运行结果
- 8.配置异常HandlerExceptionResolver
package com.example.mvc.exception;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class SimpleExceptionHandler implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Object handler, Exception ex) {
return new ModelAndView("error");
}
}
error.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
异常页面
</body>
</html>
package com.example.mvc.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class SimpleController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("userView");
mv.addObject("name","hhh");
int i = 5/0;
return mv;
}
}
- 9.查看运行结果
mvc 执行流程解析
mvc各组件执行流程
HandlerMapping 详解
其为mvc 中url路径与Control对像的映射,DispatcherServlet 就是基于此组件来寻找对应的Control,如果找不到就会报Not Found mapping 的异常。
- HandlerMapping 接口方法
- HandlerMapping 接口结构
目前主流的三种mapping 如下:
BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping: 基于ioc name 中已 “/” 开头的Bean时行 注册至映谢.
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping:基于手动配置 url 与control 映谢
RequestMappingHandlerMapping:基于@RequestMapping注解配置对应映谢
演示基于 BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping 配置映谢。
- 编写mvc 文件
<bean id="/hello1.do" class="com.example.mvc.controller.BeanNameController"/>
- control 控制器
package com.example.mvc.controller;
import org.springframework.web.HttpRequestHandler;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class BeanNameController implements HttpRequestHandler {
@Override
public void handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
httpServletResponse.getWriter().println("hehehe");
}
}
- 运行结果
HandlerAdapter详解
当IOC 中实例化这些类之后 DispatcherServlet 就会通过org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#getHandler() 方法基于request查找对应Handler。 但找到对应的Handler之后我们发现他是一个Object类型,并没有实现特定接口。如何调用Handler呢?
这里spring mvc 采用适配器模式来适配调用指定Handler,根据Handler的不同种类采用不同的Adapter,其Handler与 HandlerAdapter 对应关系如下:
- HandlerAdapter 接口方法
- HandlerAdapter 接口结构图
演示基于Servlet 处理 SimpleServletHandlerAdapter
- 编写mvc 文件
<bean id="/hello2.do" class="com.example.mvc.controller.HelloServlet"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleServletHandlerAdapter"/>
- control 控制器
package com.example.mvc.controller;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.getWriter().println("hello nihao ");
}
}
- 运行结果
ViewResolver 与View 详解
找到应的Adapter 之后就会基于适配器调用业务处理,处理完之后业务方会返回一个ModelAndView ,在去查找对应的视图进行处理。其在org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#resolveViewName() 中遍历 viewResolvers 列表查找,如果找不到就会报一个 Could not resolve view with name 异常。
在下一步就是基于ViewResolver.resolveViewName() 获取对应View来解析生成Html并返回 。对应VIEW结构如下:
HandlerExceptionResolver详解
该组件用于指示 当出现异常时 mvc 该如何处理。 dispatcherServlet 会调用org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet#processHandlerException() 方法,遍历 handlerExceptionResolvers 处理异常,处理完成之后返回errorView 跳转到异常视图。
HandlerInterceptor 详解
其实现机制是基于 HandlerExecutionChain 分别在 doDispatch 方法中执行以下方法:
- preHandle :业务处理前执行
- postHandle:业务处理后(异常则不执行)
- afterCompletion:视图处理后
注解配置
案例演示
- mvc配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.example.mvc.controller" />
<!-- 注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
</bean>
</beans>
- controller配置
package com.example.mvc.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class RequestMappingController {
@RequestMapping("/hello3.do")
public ModelAndView hello() {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("userView");
mv.addObject("name", "hello3");
return mv;
}
}
- 运行结果
为什么基于 mvc:annotation-driven/ 配置就能实现mvc 的整个配置了,之前所提到的 handlerMapping 、与handlerAdapter 组件都不使用了?
只要查看以类的源就可以知晓其中原因:
- 认识 NamespaceHandler 接口
- 查看 MvcNamespaceHandler
- 查看AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser
结论:
在<mvc:annotation-driven /> 对应的解析器,自动向ioc 里面注册了两个BeanDefinition。分别是:RequestMappingHandlerMapping与BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping