Spring核心注解的应用

Spring框架功能整体介绍

Spring Core Container

Core和Beans模块是框架的基础部分，提供IoC和依赖注入特性
ioc的思想最核心的地方在于，资源不由使用资源的双方管理，而由不使用资源的第三方管理，这可以带来很多好处。第 一，资源集中管理，实现资源的可配置和易管理。第二，降低了使用资源双方的依赖程度，也就是我们说的耦合度。

• Core主要包含Spring框架基本的核心工具类，Spring的其他组件都要用到这个包里的类。
• Beans包含访问配置文件，创建和管理bean以及进行（IoC/DI）操作相关的所有类
• Context模构建于 Core 和 Beans 模块基础之上，提供了一种类似JNDI 注册器的框 架式的对象访问方法。 Context 模块继承了 Beans 的特性，为 Spring 核 心提供了大量扩展，添加了对国际化（例如资源绑定）、事件传播、资源加载和对 Context 的透明创建的支持。 Context 模块同时 也支持 J2EE 的一些特性， ApplicationContext 接口是 Context 模块的关键
• Expression Language 模块提供了强大的表达式语言，用于在运行时查询和操纵对象。 它是 JSP 2.1 规范中定义的unifed expression language 的扩展。 该语言支持设值／获取属性的值，属性的分配，方法的调用，访问数组上下文（ accessiong the context of arrays ）、 容器和索引器、逻辑和算术运算符、命名变量以 及从Spring的 IoC 容器中根据名称检索对象。 它也支持list 投影、选择和一般的 list 聚合

Spring容器继承图

Spring IOC 容器底层注解使用

1.xml配置文件的形式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="person" class="com.yemuxia.ioc02.Person">
        <property name="id" value="1"/>
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

package com.yemuxia.ioc02;


public class Person {

    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    public Person() {
        System.out.println("我是构造函数");
    }

    public Person(Integer id, String name) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc02;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;


public class MainClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("XmlBean.xml");
        Person person = (Person)ctx.getBean("person");
        System.out.println(person);
    }
}

2.基于读取配置类的形式定义Bean信息

package com.yemuxia.ioc03;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class TestConfig {
    @Bean
    public Person person1(){
        return new Person();
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc03;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class MainClass {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfig.class);
        String[] beanNames = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        Arrays.stream(beanNames).forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

通过@Bean的形式是使用的话， bean的默认名称是方法名，若@Bean(value=“bean的名称”) 那么bean的名称是指定的

3.在配置类上写@CompentScan注解来进行包扫描

package com.yemuxia.ioc01;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

@ComponentScan("com.yemuxia.ioc01")
public class AppConfig {
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc01;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@Controller
public class TestController {
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc01;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
        String[] beanDefinationNames = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        for (String name:beanDefinationNames) {
            System.out.println("bean的定义信息:"+name);
        }
    }
}

排除用法 excludeFilters

package com.yemuxia.ioc01;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class TestService {
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc01;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yemuxia.ioc01", excludeFilters = {
        @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = {Controller.class}),
        @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE, value = {TestService.class})
})
public class AppConfig {
}

包含用法 includeFilters

注意，若使用包含的用法，需要把useDefaultFilters属性设置为false（true表示扫描全部的）

package com.yemuxia.ioc01;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yemuxia.ioc01", includeFilters = {
        @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION, value = {Controller.class})
}, useDefaultFilters = false)
public class AppConfig {
}

@ComponentScan.Filter type的类型

FilterType.CUSTOM 自定义类型

package com.yemuxia.ioc01;

import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;
import org.springframework.core.type.ClassMetadata;
import org.springframework.core.type.classreading.MetadataReader;
import org.springframework.core.type.classreading.MetadataReaderFactory;
import org.springframework.core.type.filter.TypeFilter;

import java.io.IOException;

public class TestFilterType implements TypeFilter {

    @Override
    public boolean match(MetadataReader metadataReader, MetadataReaderFactory metadataReaderFactory) throws IOException {
        //获取当前类的注解源信息
        AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = metadataReader.getAnnotationMetadata();

        //获取当前类的class的源信息
        ClassMetadata classMetadata = metadataReader.getClassMetadata();
        //获取当前类的资源信息
        Resource resource =  metadataReader.getResource();
        System.out.println("类的路径:"+classMetadata.getClassName());
        if(classMetadata.getClassName().contains("Dao")) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc01;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType;

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yemuxia.ioc01", excludeFilters = {
        @ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM,value = TestFilterType.class)
})
public class AppConfig {
}

4.配置Bean的作用域对象

在不指定@Scope的情况下，所有的bean都是单实例的bean,而且是饿汉加载(容器启动实例就创建好了)

package com.yemuxia.ioc03;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

@Configuration
public class TestConfig {
    @Bean
    @Scope(value = "prototype")
    public Person person1(){
        return new Person();
    }
}

指定@Scope为 prototype 表示为多实例的，而且还是懒汉模式加载（IOC容器启动的时候，并不会创建对象，而是 在第一次使用的时候才会创建）

@Scope指定的作用域方法取值

• a) singleton 单实例的(默认)
• b) prototype 多实例的
• c) request 同一次请求
• d) session 同一个会话级别

package com.yemuxia.ioc03;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy;

@Configuration
public class TestConfig {
    @Bean
    @Lazy
    public Person person1(){
        return new Person();
    }
}

Bean的懒加载@Lazy(主要针对单实例的bean 容器启动的时候，不创建对象，在第一次使用的时候才会创建该对象)

5.@Conditional进行条件判断

package com.yemuxia.ioc04;

public class TestComponentA {
    public TestComponentA() {
        System.out.println("组件A的构造方法");
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc04;

public class TestComponentB {
    public TestComponentB() {
        System.out.println("组件B的构造方法");
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc04;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class TestConfig {
    @Bean
    public TestComponentA testComponentA(){
        return new TestComponentA();
    }

    @Bean
    @Conditional(value = TestCondition.class)
    public TestComponentB testComponentB(){
        return new TestComponentB();
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc04;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata;



public class TestCondition implements Condition {


    @Override
    public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
        //判断容器中是否有testComponentA的组件
        if(context.getBeanFactory().containsBean("testComponentA")) {
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc04;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfig.class);
        String[] beanNames = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        Arrays.stream(beanNames).forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc04;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class TestConfig {
    //@Bean
    public TestComponentA testComponentA(){
        return new TestComponentA();
    }

    @Bean
    @Conditional(value = TestCondition.class)
    public TestComponentB testComponentB(){
        return new TestComponentB();
    }
}

容器中有TestComponentA的实例，那么TestComponentB才会被实例化

6.往IOC 容器中添加组件的方式

• 通过@CompentScan +@Controller @Service @Respository @compent 适用场景: 针对我们自己写的组件可以通过该方式来进行加载到容器中。
• 通过@Bean的方式来导入组件(适用于导入第三方组件的类)
• 通过@Import来导入组件 （导入组件的id为全类名路径）
• 通过实现FacotryBean接口来实现注册组件

通过@Import方式导入组件

package com.yemuxia.ioc5;


public class Car {
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc5;


public class Cat {
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc5;


public class Dog {
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc5;


public class Person {
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc5;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionRegistry;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.RootBeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;


public class TestBeanDefinitionRegister implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar {
    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
        RootBeanDefinition rootBeanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(Cat.class);
        registry.registerBeanDefinition("cat",rootBeanDefinition);
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc5;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportSelector;
import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotationMetadata;


public class TestImportSelector implements ImportSelector {
    @Override
    public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata) {
        return new String[]{"com.yemuxia.ioc5.Dog"};
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc5;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;



@Import(value = {Person.class, Car.class, TestImportSelector.class, TestBeanDefinitionRegister.class})
public class TestConfig {
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc5;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import java.util.Arrays;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfig.class);
        String[] beanNames = context.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        Arrays.stream(beanNames).forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

通过实现FacotryBean接口来实现注册组件

package com.yemuxia.ioc6;


public class Car {
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc6;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;

/**
 * 通过实现FactoryBean接口往容器中注册组件
 */
public class CarFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Car> {
    @Override
    public Car getObject() throws Exception {
        return new Car();
    }

    @Override
    public Class<?> getObjectType() {
        return Car.class;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSingleton() {
        return false;
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc6;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;

import java.sql.DriverManager;


public class DriverFactoryBean implements FactoryBean {

    private String jdbcUrl;

    public String getJdbcUrl() {
        return jdbcUrl;
    }

    public void setJdbcUrl(String jdbcUrl) {
        this.jdbcUrl = jdbcUrl;
    }

    @Override
    public Object getObject() throws Exception {
        return DriverManager.getDriver(jdbcUrl);
    }

    @Override
    public Class<?> getObjectType() {
        return java.sql.Driver.class;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isSingleton() {
        return true;
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc6;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

@Configuration
@ImportResource(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml"})
public class AppConfig {
    @Bean
    public CarFactoryBean carFactoryBean(){
        return new CarFactoryBean();
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="car" class="com.yemuxia.ioc6.Car"/>

    <bean id="driverFactoryBean" class="com.yemuxia.ioc6.DriverFactoryBean">
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/yemuxia"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

package com.yemuxia.ioc6;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;


public class MainClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
        Object bean = ctx.getBean("carFactoryBean");
        System.out.println(bean);
        Object bean2 = ctx.getBean("&carFactoryBean");
        System.out.println(bean2);
        System.out.println(bean.getClass());
        System.out.println(bean2.getClass());
        Object bean3 = ctx.getBean("carFactoryBean");
        System.out.println(bean==bean3);

        CarFactoryBean carFactoryBean = ctx.getBean(CarFactoryBean.class);
        System.out.println(carFactoryBean);

        System.out.println(ctx.getBean("driverFactoryBean"));



    }
}

7.Bean的初始化方法和销毁方法

什么是Bean的生命周期

bean的实例化——》属性赋值——》初始化——》销毁
由容器管理Bean的生命周期，我们可以通过自己指定bean的初始化方法和销毁方法。

• 针对单实例bean的话，容器启动的时候，bean的对象就创建了，而且容器销毁的时候，也会调用Bean的销毁方法
• 针对多实例bean的话,容器启动的时候，bean是不会被创建的而是在获取bean的时候被创建，而且bean的销毁不受 IOC容器的管理.

单实例bean演示

package com.yemuxia.ioc7;

public class Car {
    public Car() {
        System.out.println("Car的构造方法..........");
    }


    public void init() {
        System.out.println("Car的初始化方法......init");
    }

    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("Car的销毁方法.....destroy");
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc7;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;


@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yemuxia.ioc7")
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destroy")
    public Car car() {
        return new Car();
    }


}

package com.yemuxia.ioc7;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;


public class MainClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);


        ctx.close();
    }
}

多实例bean

package com.yemuxia.ioc7;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;


@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yemuxia.ioc7")
public class AppConfig {
    @Scope(value = "prototype")
    @Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destroy")
    public Car car() {
        return new Car();
    }


}

package com.yemuxia.ioc7;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;


public class MainClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
        Car car = ctx.getBean(Car.class);

        ctx.close();
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(car);
    }
}

通过 InitializingBean和DisposableBean 的二个接口实现bean的初始化以及销毁方法

package com.yemuxia.ioc7;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;


public class Person implements InitializingBean,DisposableBean {

    public Person() {
        System.out.println("Person的构造方法");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("DisposableBean的destroy()方法 ");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("InitializingBean的 afterPropertiesSet方法");
    }


}

package com.yemuxia.ioc7;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;


@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yemuxia.ioc7")
public class AppConfig {
    @Scope(value = "prototype")
    @Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destroy")
    public Car car() {
        return new Car();
    }

    @Bean
    public Person person(){
        return new Person();
    }

}

通过JSR250规范 提供的注解@PostConstruct 和@ProDestory标注的方法

package com.yemuxia.ioc7;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;


public class Book {

    public Book() {
        System.out.println("book 的构造方法");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("book 的PostConstruct标志的方法");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destory() {
        System.out.println("book 的PreDestory标注的方法");
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc7;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;


@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yemuxia.ioc7")
public class AppConfig {
    @Scope(value = "prototype")
    @Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destroy")
    public Car car() {
        return new Car();
    }

    @Bean
    public Person person(){
        return new Person();
    }

    @Bean
    public Book book(){
        return new Book();
    }
}

通过Spring的BeanPostProcessor的 bean的后置处理器会拦截所有bean创建过程

• postProcessBeforeInitialization 在init方法之前调用
• postProcessAfterInitialization 在init方法之后调用

package com.yemuxia.ioc7;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;


public class TestBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("TestBeanPostProcessor...postProcessBeforeInitialization:"+beanName);
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("TestBeanPostProcessor...postProcessAfterInitialization:"+beanName);
        return bean;
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc7;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;


@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yemuxia.ioc7")
public class AppConfig {
    @Scope(value = "prototype")
    @Bean(initMethod = "init",destroyMethod = "destroy")
    public Car car() {
        return new Car();
    }

    @Bean
    public Person person(){
        return new Person();
    }

    @Bean
    public Book book(){
        return new Book();
    }
    @Bean
    public TestBeanPostProcessor testBeanPostProcessor(){
        return new TestBeanPostProcessor();
    }
}

BeanPostProcessor的执行时机

populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper) 
initializeBean{ 
	applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization() 
	invokeInitMethods{ 
		isInitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet 
		自定义的init方法 
	}
	applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization()方法 
}

8.通过@Value和@PropertySource来给组件赋值

package com.yemuxia.ioc8;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;



public class Person {

    @Value("司马")
    private String firstName;

    @Value("#{28-8}")
    private Integer age;

    @Value("${person.lastName}")
    private String lastName;

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "firstName='" + firstName + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", lastName='" + lastName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

person.lastName=老贼

package com.yemuxia.ioc8;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;

@Configuration
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"})
public class AppConfig {

    @Bean
    public Person person() {
        return new Person();
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc8;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;



public class MainClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

        Person person = ctx.getBean(Person.class);
        System.out.println(person.toString());
    }
}

9.自动装配

自动装配首先时按照类型进行装配，若在IOC容器中发现了多个相同类型的组件，那么就按照 属性名称来进行装配

按类型装配

package com.yemuxia.ioc9;


import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;


@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.yemuxia.ioc9"})
public class AppConfig {
    @Bean
    public TestDao testDao2() {
        TestDao testDao = new TestDao();
        testDao.setFlag(2);
        return testDao;
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc9;


public class TestDao {

    private int flag=1;

    public int getFlag() {
        return flag;
    }

    public void setFlag(int flag) {
        this.flag = flag;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "TestDao{" +
                "flag=" + flag +
                '}';
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc9;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;



@Service
public class BaiDuService {


    @Autowired
    private TestDao testDao;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BaiDuService{" + testDao +
                '}';
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc9;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;


public class MainClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

        //测试@AutoWired使用的时byName还是byType(默认是使用byType,当发现多个相同类型的bean话 就通过byName)
        //需要指定装配的名称通过@Qualifier指定名称装配
        BaiDuService baiDuService = ctx.getBean(BaiDuService.class);
        System.out.println(baiDuService);

    }
}

按属性装配（多个相同类型的bean）

package com.yemuxia.ioc9;


import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;


@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.yemuxia.ioc9"})
public class AppConfig {
    @Bean
    public TestDao testDao2() {
        TestDao testDao = new TestDao();
        testDao.setFlag(2);
        return testDao;
    }
    @Bean
    public TestDao testDao3() {
        TestDao testDao = new TestDao();
        testDao.setFlag(3);
        return testDao;
    }
}

该段代码报错，报错的原因就是因为Spring容器中存在多个相同类型的bean实例，进行自动装配时会按照实例名称进行装配。然而在容器中未找到匹配的实例名称（testDao）。因此报错。
假设我们容器中未找到匹配的实例名称,那么在装配的时候就会抛出异常 No qualifying bean of type ‘com.tuling.testautowired.TulingDao’ available 若我们想不抛异常 ，我们需要指定 required为false的时候可以了

使用@Qualifier(“testDao”)来指定装配的组件

package com.yemuxia.ioc9;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;



@Service
public class BaiDuService {


    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(value = "testDao3")
    private TestDao testDao;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "BaiDuService{" + testDao +
                '}';
    }
}

在配置类上的@Bean加上@Primary注解

package com.yemuxia.ioc9;


import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;


@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.yemuxia.ioc9"})
public class AppConfig {
    @Bean
    public TestDao testDao2() {
        TestDao testDao = new TestDao();
        testDao.setFlag(2);
        return testDao;
    }
    @Bean
    @Primary
    public TestDao testDao3() {
        TestDao testDao = new TestDao();
        testDao.setFlag(3);
        return testDao;
    }
}

@Autowired，@Resource，@Inject的区别：

• 1、@Autowired是spring自带的，@Inject是JSR330规范实现的，@Resource是JSR250规范实现的，需要导入不同的包
• 2、@Autowired、@Inject用法基本一样，不同的是@Autowired有一个request属性
• 3、@Autowired、@Inject是默认按照类型匹配的，@Resource是按照名称匹配的
• 4、@Autowired如果需要按照名称匹配需要和@Qualifier一起使用，@Inject和@Named一起使用

10.自己写的组件需要使用spring ioc的底层组件的时候,比如 ApplicationContext等

我们可以通过实现XXXAware接口来实现

package com.yemuxia.ioc10;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;


@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.yemuxia.ioc10")
public class AppConfig {
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc10;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
public class TestCompent implements ApplicationContextAware,BeanNameAware {

    private ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    @Override
    public void setBeanName(String name) {
        System.out.println("current bean name is :【"+name+"】");
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
    }
}

package com.yemuxia.ioc10;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;


public class MainClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext annotationConfigApplicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

    }
}

11.通过@Profile注解 来根据环境来激活标识不同的Bean

@Profile标识在类上，那么只有当前环境匹配，整个配置类才会生效 @Profile标识在Bean上 ，那么只有当前环境的Bean才会被激活
没有标志为@Profile的bean 不管在什么环境都可以被激活

package com.yemuxia.ioc11;

import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.EmbeddedValueResolverAware;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import org.springframework.util.StringValueResolver;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:ds.properties"})
public class AppConfig implements EmbeddedValueResolverAware {

    @Value("${ds.username}")
    private String userName;

    @Value("${ds.password}")
    private String password;

    private String jdbcUrl;

    private String classDriver;

    @Override
    public void setEmbeddedValueResolver(StringValueResolver resolver) {
        this.jdbcUrl = resolver.resolveStringValue("${ds.jdbcUrl}");
        this.classDriver = resolver.resolveStringValue("${ds.classDriver}");
    }

    @Bean
    @Profile(value = "test")
    public DataSource testDs() {
        return buliderDataSource(new DruidDataSource());
    }

    @Bean
    @Profile(value = "dev")
    public DataSource devDs() {
        return buliderDataSource(new DruidDataSource());
    }

    @Bean
    @Profile(value = "prod")
    public DataSource prodDs() {
        return buliderDataSource(new DruidDataSource());
    }

    private DataSource buliderDataSource(DruidDataSource dataSource) {
        dataSource.setUsername(userName);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        dataSource.setDriverClassName(classDriver);
        dataSource.setUrl(jdbcUrl);
        return dataSource;
    }
}

ds.username=root
ds.password=123456
ds.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/skq
ds.classDriver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

package com.yemuxia.ioc11;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class MainClass {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
        ctx.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("test","dev");
        ctx.register(AppConfig.class);
        ctx.refresh();
        printBeanName(ctx);
    }

    private static void printBeanName(AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx){
        for(String beanName:ctx.getBeanDefinitionNames()) {
            System.out.println("容器中的BeanName："+beanName);
        }
    }

}

激活切换环境的方法

• 方法一:通过运行时jvm参数来切换
  -Dspring.profiles.active=test|dev|prod
• 方法二:通过代码的方式来激活