一个Activity掌握Android5.0新控件 (转)
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/lavor_zl/article/details/51279386
谷歌在推出Android5.0的同时推出了一些新控件,Android5.0中最常用的新控件有下面5种。
1. CardView(卡片视图)
CardView顾名思义是卡片视图,它继承FrameLayout。它是一个带圆角的背景和阴影FrameLayout。CardView被包装为一种布局,并且经常在ListView和RecyclerView的Item布局中,作为容器使用。
CardView的使用非常简单:
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering"> <android<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.support</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.v</span>7<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.widget</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.CardView</span> android:layout_width=<span class="hljs-string">"match_parent"</span> android:layout_height=<span class="hljs-string">"60dp"</span>> <Button android:id=<span class="hljs-string">"@+id/ripple_button"</span> android:layout_width=<span class="hljs-string">"match_parent"</span> android:layout_height=<span class="hljs-string">"50dp"</span> android:layout_gravity=<span class="hljs-string">"center"</span> android:layout_margin=<span class="hljs-string">"5dp"</span> android:background=<span class="hljs-string">"@drawable/ripple"</span> android:gravity=<span class="hljs-string">"center"</span> android:text=<span class="hljs-string">"我在一个CardView里面"</span> /> </android<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.support</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.v</span>7<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.widget</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.CardView</span>> </code>
2. Patelle(调色板)
Patelle是一个辅助类,它的作用是从图片中获取突出的颜色。
它可以提取下面几种特性的突出颜色:
- Vibrant(充满活力的)
- Vibrant Dark(充满活力,黑暗的)
- Vibrant Light(充满活力的,明亮的)
- Muted(柔和的)
- Muted Dark(柔和的,黑暗的)
- Muted Light(柔和的,明亮的)
Patelle的使用也非常简单:
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering"> // 获取应用程序图标的Bitmap bitmap= BitmapFactory<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.decodeResource</span>(getResources(), R<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.mipmap</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.ic</span>_launcher)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> // 通过bitmap生成调色板palette Palette palette=Palette<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.from</span>(bitmap)<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.generate</span>()<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> // 获取palette充满活力色颜色 int vibrantColor=palette<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.getVibrantColor</span>(Color<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.WHITE</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">; </span></code>
3. Toolbar(工具栏)
Toolbar顾名思义是工具栏,作为ActionBar的替代品出现,谷歌推荐使用Toolbar替代ActionBar。
Toolbar可以放置在任何地方,不像ActionBar一样只能放置在固定的位置。
Toolbar支持比ActionBar更集中的特征。
Toolbar可能包含以下可选元素的组合:
- 导航按钮
- 品牌的Logo图像
- 标题和子标题
- 一个或多个自定义视图
<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering"> this<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.toolbar</span> = (Toolbar) findViewById(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.id</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.toolbar</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> this<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.recyclerview</span> = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.id</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.recycler</span>_view)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> this<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.ripplebutton</span> = (Button) findViewById(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.id</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.ripple</span>_button)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> this<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.button</span> = (Button) findViewById(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.id</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.button</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> // 设置Logo toolbar<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setLogo</span>(R<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.mipmap</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor">.ic</span>_launcher)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> // 设置标题 toolbar<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setTitle</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"Android5.0"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> // 设置子标题 toolbar<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setSubtitle</span>(<span class="hljs-string">"新控件"</span>)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> //设置ActionBar,之后就可以获取ActionBar并进行操作,操作的结果就会反应在toolbar上面 setActionBar(toolbar)<span class="hljs-comment">;</span> //设置了返回箭头,,相当于设置了toolbar的导航按钮 getActionBar()<span class="hljs-preprocessor">.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled</span>(true)<span class="hljs-comment">; </span></code>
4. RippleDrawable(波纹图)
RippleDrawable顾名思义是波纹图,只能在Android5.0以上使用,目前还没有提供RippleDrawable向下兼容的支持包。
RippleDrawable可显示一个涟漪效应响应状态变化 。
定义一个UI的背景图片为RippleDrawable
android:background="@drawable/ripple"
在drawable文件夹下面定义一个RippleDrawable的xml文件
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-pi"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?></span></code>
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-title">ripple</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span><span class="hljs-attribute">android:color</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"#0000FF"</span>></span></code>
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><span style="font-family:Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;line-height: 1.6;"> </span><<span class="hljs-title">item</span>></span></code>
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><span style="font-family:Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;line-height: 1.6;"> </span><<span class="hljs-title">shape</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">android:shape</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"rectangle"</span>></span></code><code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><span style="font-family:Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;line-height: 1.6;"> </span><<span class="hljs-title">solid</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">android:color</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"#FFFFFF"</span> /></span></code><code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><span style="font-family:Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;line-height: 1.6;"> </span><<span class="hljs-title">corners</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">android:radius</span>=<span class="hljs-value">"4dp"</span> /></span></code><code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><span style="font-family:Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;line-height: 1.6;"> </span></<span class="hljs-title">shape</span>></span></code>
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"><span style="font-family:Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 微软雅黑, 'Microsoft YaHei UI', SimSun, SimHei, arial, sans-serif;line-height: 1.6;"> </span></<span class="hljs-title">item</span>></span></code>
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering"><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-title">ripple</span>></span> </code>
android:color
:表示波纹的颜色
<item>
:表示波纹图下面的条目
来看一下点击按钮的波纹效果
5. RecyclerView(循环视图)
RecyclerView是ListView的替代品,谷歌推荐使用RecyclerView替代ListView。
RecyclerView提供比ListView更加灵活的使用,并且性能比ListView更优。
RecyclerView可以设置线性,网格,瀑布流式三种布局管理器。
- LinearLayoutManager(线性布局管理器)
- GridLayoutManager(网格布局管理器)
- StaggeredGridLayoutManager(瀑布流式布局管理器)
RecyclerView的简单使用:
<code class="hljs cpp has-numbering"> <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.recyclerview = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recycler_view); <span class="hljs-comment">//新建一个线性布局管理器</span> LinearLayoutManager manager=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> LinearLayoutManager(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">//设置recyclerview的布局管理器</span> recyclerview.setLayoutManager(manager); <span class="hljs-comment">//新建适配器</span> RecyclerViewAdapter adapter=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> RecyclerViewAdapter(<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>,<span class="hljs-built_in">list</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">//设置recyclerview的适配器</span> recyclerview.setAdapter(adapter);</code>
RecyclerView适配器的定义:
<code class="hljs php has-numbering"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">RecyclerViewAdapter</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">RecyclerView</span>.<span class="hljs-title">Adapter</span><<span class="hljs-title">RecyclerViewAdapter</span>.<span class="hljs-title">MyHolder</span>>{</span><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Context context; <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">List</span><String> <span class="hljs-keyword">list</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> RecyclerViewAdapter(Context context) { this.context = context; } <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> RecyclerViewAdapter(Context context, <span class="hljs-keyword">List</span><String> <span class="hljs-keyword">list</span>) { this.context = context; this.<span class="hljs-keyword">list</span> = <span class="hljs-keyword">list</span>; } @Override <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> MyHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup <span class="hljs-keyword">parent</span>, int viewType) { MyHolder holder=<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> MyHolder(LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.adapter_recycler_view,<span class="hljs-keyword">parent</span>,<span class="hljs-keyword">false</span>)); <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> holder; } @Override <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> void onBindViewHolder(MyHolder holder, int position) { holder.textView.setText(<span class="hljs-keyword">list</span>.get(position)); } @Override <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> int getItemCount() { <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">list</span>.size(); } <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyHolder</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">RecyclerView</span>.<span class="hljs-title">ViewHolder</span>{</span><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> TextView textView; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> MyHolder(View itemView) { super(itemView); textView= (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.text); } } }</code>
6. 一个Activity掌握Android5.0新控件
为了方便学习,本人将这5个新控件放到一个Activity中进行使用。
- 程序原始界面讲解
- 点击“设置…”按钮,获取应用程序图标的充满色彩的颜色,并将该颜色设置为Toolbar的背景颜色。
- 点击“我在…”按钮,会出现波纹效果,因为按钮的背景图片是RippleDrawable,而此时按钮状态又发生了变化。
注意:RecyclerView,Patelle,CardView是在单独的支持包里面,不在appcompat-v7及其依赖子包中
要使用它们,必须导入它们的依赖包
<code class="hljs bash has-numbering"> compile <span class="hljs-string">'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:23.1.1'</span> compile <span class="hljs-string">'com.android.support:palette-v7:23.1.1'</span> compile <span class="hljs-string">'com.android.support:cardview-v7:23.1.1'</span> </code>
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