磁滞回线物理意义
考虑爱波斯坦方圈测磁或变压器,电流一个周期所做的功为
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W,即为损耗,
W = ∫ t 1 t 2 u ( t ) i ( t ) d t \displaystyle W= \int _{t1}^{t2}u(t)i(t)dt W=∫t1t2u(t)i(t)dt
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\displaystyle u(t)=N \frac{d\phi}{dt} = N \frac{A dB(t)}{dt} = N\cdot A \frac{dB}{dt}
u(t)=Ndtdϕ=NdtAdB(t)=N⋅AdtdB ,
H ( t ) = N i ( t ) l \displaystyle H(t)= \frac {Ni(t)}{l} H(t)=lNi(t)
这里 N代表线圈匝数, A代表铁心截面积, l l l 代表磁路平均长度,所以
W = ∫ t 1 t 2 u ( t ) i ( t ) d t = ∫ t 1 t 2 N ⋅ A ⋅ i ( t ) d B = ∮ A ⋅ l 0 N ⋅ i ( t ) l 0 d B = V ∮ H d B \displaystyle W= \int _{t1}^{t2}u(t)i(t)dt = \int _{t1}^{t2} N \cdot A \cdot i(t) dB = \oint A\cdot l_0 \frac{N \cdot i(t)}{l_0} {\rm d} B = V \oint H {\rm d} B W=∫t1t2u(t)i(t)dt=∫t1t2N⋅A⋅i(t)dB=∮A⋅l0l0N⋅i(t)dB=V∮HdB
即 ∮ H d B = W V \displaystyle\oint H {\rm d} B = \frac{W}{V} ∮HdB=VW 为单位体积的材料在一个周期内消耗的能量。
积分求面积
使用scipy中simps函数进行积分;数据源: 磁滞回线原始数据27QH085牌号。
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.interpolate import CubicSpline
from scipy.integrate import simps
# 读取数据
data = pd.read_excel('csdn_1.7T磁滞回线.xlsx')
data.describe()
曲线共计865个数据点。
磁场强度, A/m 磁极化强度, mT
count 865.000000 865.000000
mean -0.099143 1.371792
std 21.209575 1334.475407
min -43.522999 -1705.400024
25% -12.869000 -1525.900024
50% -0.386400 5.580000
75% 12.510000 1520.000000
max 43.612999 1705.400024
该磁滞回线是测量的 试样有效质量为 m e m_e me,磁路有效体积为 V e V_e Ve,密度为 ρ \rho ρ,则50Hz下的磁滞损耗为0.277W/kg:
simps(-y,x)/1000*(m_e/rho)/m_e*50, simps(-y,x)/7650/1000*50
(0.27743683004581576, 0.2774368300458158)