JavaWeb_06_Cookie_Session
必须了解的Cookie/Session!点击跳转Cookie_Session视频
炼金术,炼的是一颗纯净之心,心正万事兴。
P16 Cookie讲解
16.1 会话
**会话:**用户打开一个浏览器,点击了很多超链接,访问多个web资源,这个过程可以称之为会话;
**有状态会话:**一个同学来过教室,下次再来教室,我们会知道这个同学,曾经来过,称之为有状态会话;
你能怎么证明你是清华的学生?
你 清华
- 发票 清华给你发票
- 学校登记 清华标记你来过了
一个网站,怎么证明你来过?
客户端 服务端
- 服务端给客户端一个 信件,客户端下次访问服务端带上信件就可以了;cookie
- 服务器登记你来过了,下次你来的时候我来匹配你;seesion
16.2 保存会话的两种技术
cookie
- 客户端技术(响应,请求)
session
- 服务器技术,利用这个技术,可以保存用户的会话信息?我们可以把信息或者数据放在Session中!
常见常见:网站登录之后,你下次不用再登录了,第二次访问直接就上去了。
16.3 Cookie
-
从请求中拿到cookie信息
-
服务器响应给客户端cookie
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); //获得Cookie cookie.getName(); //获得cookie中的key cookie.getValue(); //获得cookie中的value new Cookie("lastLoginTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+""); //新建一个cookie cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60); //设置cookie的有效期 resp.addCookie(cookie); //响应给客户端一个cookie
cookie:一般会保存在本地的 用户目录下 appdata;
package com.niumo.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
//保存用户上一次访问的时间
public class CookieDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//服务器,告诉你,你来的时间,把这个时间封装成为一个 信件,你下次带来,我就知道你来了
//解决中文乱码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setHeader("Content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
//Cookie,服务器端从客户端获取呀;
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); //这里返回数组,说明Cookie可能存在多个
//判断Cookie是否存在
if(cookies!=null){
//如果存在怎么办
out.write("你上一次访问的时间是:");
for(int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++){
Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
//获取cookie的名字
if(cookie.getName().equals("lastLoginTime")){
//获取cookie中的值
long lastLoginTime = Long.parseLong(cookie.getValue());
Date date = new Date(lastLoginTime);
out.write(date.toLocaleString());
}
}
}else{
out.write("这是您第一次访问本站");
}
//服务给客户端响应一个cookie;
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
//cookie有效期为1天
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0"
metadata-complete="true">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo01</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.niumo.servlet.CookieDemo01</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo01</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/c1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo02</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.niumo.servlet.CookieDemo02</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo02</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/c2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo03</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.niumo.servlet.CookieDemo03</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CookieDemo03</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/c3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
一个网站cookie是否存在上限!聊聊细节问题
- 一个Cookie只能保存一个信息;
- 一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie,最多存放20个cookie
- Cookie大小有限制4kb;
- 300个cookie浏览器上限
删除Cookie:
- 不设置有效期,关闭浏览器,自动失效;
- 设置有效期时间为0;
package com.niumo.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
//保存用户上一次访问的时间
public class CookieDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//创建一个cookie,名字必须要和要删除的名字一致
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
//将cookie有效期设置为0,立马过期
cookie.setMaxAge(0);
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
编码、解码:
URLEncoder.encode("牛魔瘦了","UTF-8")
URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"UTF-8")
package com.niumo.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Date;
//中文数据传递
public class CookieDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决中文乱码
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
resp.setHeader("Content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//Cookie,服务器端从客户端获取呀;
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); //这里返回数组,说明Cookie可能存在多个
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
//判断Cookie是否存在
if(cookies!=null){
//如果存在怎么办
out.write("你上一次访问的时间是:");
for(int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++){
Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
//获取cookie的名字
if(cookie.getName().equals("name")){
//解码
out.write(URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"UTF-8"));
}
}
}else{
out.write("这是您第一次访问本站");
}
//编码
Cookie cookie= new Cookie("name", URLEncoder.encode("牛魔瘦了","UTF-8"));
resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
P17 Session讲解
17.1 Session(重点)
什么是Session:
-
服务器会给每一个用户(浏览器)创建一个Session对象;
-
一个Session独占一个浏览器,只要浏览器没有关闭,这个Session就存在;
-
用户登录之后,整个网站它都可以访问!–> 保存用户的信息;保存购物车的信息… …
Session和cookie的区别:
- Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器,浏览器保存(可以保存多个)
- Session把用户的数据写到用户独占Session中,服务器保存(保存重要的信息,减少服务器资源的浪费)
- Session对象由服务创建
使用场景:
- 保存一个登录用户的信息;
- 购物车信息;
- 在整个网站中经常会使用的数据,我们将它保存在Session中;
使用Session:
package com.niumo.servlet;
import com.niumo.pojo.Person;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
//给Session中存东西
session.setAttribute("name",new Person("牛魔瘦了",1));
//获取Session的ID
String sessionId = session.getId();
//判断Session是不是新创建
if(session.isNew()){
resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功,ID:"+sessionId);
}else{
resp.getWriter().write("session已经在服务器中存在了,ID:"+sessionId);
}
//Session创建的时候做了什么事情;
// Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID",sessionId);
// resp.addCookie(cookie);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
package com.niumo.servlet;
import com.niumo.pojo.Person;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//解决乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//得到Session
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.getAttribute("name");
Person person = (Person) session.getAttribute("name");
System.out.println(person.toString());
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
package com.niumo.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.removeAttribute("name");
//手动注销Session
session.invalidate();
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req, resp);
}
}
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo01</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.niumo.servlet.SessionDemo01</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo01</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/s1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo02</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.niumo.servlet.SessionDemo02</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo02</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/s2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo03</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.niumo.servlet.SessionDemo03</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SessionDemo03</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/s3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
package com.niumo.pojo;
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
会话自动过期:web.xml配置
<!--设置Session默认的失效时间-->
<session-config>
<!--15分钟后Session自动失效,以分钟为单位-->
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
</session-config>