Ubuntu 18.04 LNMP环境 搭建WordPress站点

搭建LNMP环境

是什么？

LNMP = linux + nginx + mysql + php-fpm。

怎么安装？

nginx

sudo apt-get install nginx

mysql

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

php-fpm

sudo apt-get install php-fpm php-mysql
sudo apt-get install php-gd php-curl

搭建WordPress

配置mysql

Wordpress中需要使用到数据库，我们使用mysql来做wordpress的数据库。

mysql -u root -p	
CREATE DATABASE wordpress;
CREATE USER user@localhost IDENTIFIED BY "Password";
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO user@localhost IDENTIFIED BY'Password';	
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;	
exit;	

配置nginx

fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;

配置php-fmp

主要需配置的是/etc/php/7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf中的listen字段。listen字段的内容要和nginx配置中fastcgi_pass一致，nginx才能和php-fpm沟通成功。

listen = /var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock

安装WordPress

下载WordPress可以到下载。
安装WordPress可以到安装。
我这里直接使用wget下载。

wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-5.0.4-zh_CN.tar.gz

配置WordPress

/**修改 WordPress 数据库配置*/
$ cd /var/www/html/wordpress/
$ cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
$ sudo vi wp-config.php


/** WordPress数据库的名称 */
define( 'DB_NAME', 'wordpress' );

/** MySQL数据库用户名 */
define( 'DB_USER', 'user' );

/** MySQL数据库密码 */
# 将 Password 替换为前面配置数据的密码
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'Password' ); 
并在最后面添加 WordPress 进行更新时免登录的配置

/**修改WordPress工作目录的权限*/
define("FS_METHOD", "direct");
define("FS_CHMOD_DIR", 0777);
define("FS_CHMOD_FILE", 0777);

到这里WordPress就已经安装程序，可以从浏览器上访问"Ip:80"，开始配置自己的WordPress站点。

其他参考网址

手动搭建 WordPress 个人站点（Linux）

手动搭建 LNMP 环境（CentOS7）

nginx配置参考

##
# You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
# of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/
# https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/config_pitfalls/
# https://wiki.debian.org/Nginx/DirectoryStructure
#
# In most cases, administrators will remove this file from sites-enabled/ and
# leave it as reference inside of sites-available where it will continue to be
# updated by the nginx packaging team.
#
# This file will automatically load configuration files provided by other
# applications, such as Drupal or Wordpress. These applications will be made
# available underneath a path with that package name, such as /drupal8.
#
# Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
##

# Default server configuration
#
server {
	listen 80 default_server;
	listen [::]:80 default_server;
	
	#SSL 访问端口号为 443
	listen 443 ssl default_server; 
	#填写绑定证书的域名
	server_name www.xxx; 
	#证书文件名称
	ssl_certificate 1_www.xxx.crt; 
	#私钥文件名称
	ssl_certificate_key 2_www.xxx.key; 
	ssl_session_timeout 5m;
	#请按照以下协议配置
	ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; 
	#请按照以下套件配置，配置加密套件，写法遵循 openssl 标准。
	ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

	# SSL configuration
	#
	# listen 443 ssl default_server;
	# listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
	#
	# Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
	# See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
	#
	# Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
	# See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
	#
	# Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
	# Don't use them in a production server!
	#
	# include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

	root /usr/share/nginx/html/wordpress;

	# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
	index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

	server_name _;

	location / {
		# First attempt to serve request as file, then
		# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
	}

	# pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
	#
	location ~ \.php$ {
		include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
	
		# With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
		fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;
	#	# With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
	#	fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
	}

	# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
	# concurs with nginx's one
	#
	#location ~ /\.ht {
	#	deny all;
	#}
}


# Virtual Host configuration for example.com
#
# You can move that to a different file under sites-available/ and symlink that
# to sites-enabled/ to enable it.
#
#server {
#	listen 80;
#	listen [::]:80;
#
#	server_name example.com;
#
#	root /var/www/example.com;
#	index index.html;
#
#	location / {
#		try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
#	}
#}

WordPress更新或安装插件失败的解决方案

方法一:
如果不是自己编译的LAMP环境，那么网站的根目录都会是/var/www/,那么把wprdpress解压到此目录后，执行
$ cd /var/www/html/
# 将 wp 替换为你的用户名，www-data是服务器的默认组
$ sudo chown -R wp:www-data wordpress
# 修改读写属性
$ sudo chmod 777 -R wordpress

这样就完全解决问题了.注意了,不需要把/var/www/目录的所有者也设置为www-data,而只需要设置wordpress文件夹的所有者.

方法二:
wp-config.php里加入下面代码:

define(“FS_METHOD”, “direct”);
define(“FS_CHMOD_DIR”, 0777);
define(“FS_CHMOD_FILE”, 0777);
这个方法的原理也是和方法一的一样，它是直接在上传的时候把权限修改了，而方法一是在任何时候都拥有上传文件的权限。

方法三:
把apache2的运行用户改为你的当前用户

方法四:
把你的当前用户添加到www-data用户组