C++ vector 效率之emplace_back,push_back

What 结论

emplace_back(…)的效率比push_back(…)高。

Why

emplace_back(…)容器直接按照参数构造对象；push_back(…)则需要一次构造和一次移动构造（或者一次复制构造）。

How

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <queue>

using namespace std;

struct Student {
    string name;
    int age;

    Student(string&& n, int a)
        :name(std::move(n)), age(a)
    {
        cout << "构造" << endl;
    }

    Student(const Student& s)
        : name(s.name), age(s.age)
    {
        cout << "拷贝构造" << endl;;
    }

    Student(Student&& s)
        :name(std::move(s.name)), age(s.age)
    {
        cout << "移动构造" << endl;
    }

};

int main()
{
    vector<Student> classes_one;
    vector<Student> classes_two;

    cout << "emplace_back:" << endl;
    classes_one.emplace_back("xiaohong", 24);

    cout << "push_back:" << endl;
    classes_two.push_back(Student("xiaoming", 23));
}

emplace_back:
构造
push_back:
构造
移动构造