1、Object类中的wait方法,notify方法,notifyAll方法只能用在同步中(同步函数或者同步代码块)。
2、视频中老师线程通信的生产者与消费者之间的例子(我做了一些修改)
public class ProducerConsumerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Resource res = new Resource();
new Thread(new Producer(res)).start();
new Thread(new Consumer(res)).start();
}
}
class Resource
{
private String name;
private int counter = 1;
private boolean flag = false;
public synchronized void produce(String name)
{
if(flag)
try{wait();}catch(Exception e){}
this.name = name+"---"+(counter++);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"+生产者+"+this.name);
flag = true;
notify();
}
public synchronized void consume()
{
if(!flag)
try{wait();}catch(Exception e){}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---消费者---"+this.name);
flag = false;
notify();
}
public int getCounter()
{
return counter;
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
Resource res;
public Producer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
res.produce("商品");
if(res.getCounter() > 100)
break;
}
}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable
{
Resource res;
public Consumer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
res.consume();
if(res.getCounter() > 100)
break;
}
}
}
该代码示例的结果是生产者与消费者交替输出。
运行结果如下:
Thread-0+生产者+商品---1
Thread-1---消费者---商品---1
Thread-0+生产者+商品---2
Thread-1---消费者---商品---2
Thread-0+生产者+商品---3
Thread-1---消费者---商品---3
Thread-0+生产者+商品---4
Thread-1---消费者---商品---4
。。。。。。
当有多个生产者或者消费者的时候,主函数代码需要做一些修改:
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Resource res = new Resource();
Producer p1 = new Producer(res);
Producer p2 = new Producer(res);
Consumer c1 = new Consumer(res);
Consumer c2 = new Consumer(res);
Thread t1 = new Thread(p1);
Thread t2 = new Thread(p2);
Thread t3 = new Thread(c1);
Thread t4 = new Thread(c2);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
这样运行结果就出现了错误:
或者
生产的两件商品,只被消费了一次;或者一件商品被消费了两次。所以还是要修改同步代码块中的代码:
public class ProducerConsumerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Resource res = new Resource();
Producer p1 = new Producer(res);
Producer p2 = new Producer(res);
Consumer c1 = new Consumer(res);
Consumer c2 = new Consumer(res);
Thread t1 = new Thread(p1);
Thread t2 = new Thread(p2);
Thread t3 = new Thread(c1);
Thread t4 = new Thread(c2);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}
class Resource
{
private String name;
private int counter = 1;
private boolean flag = false;
public synchronized void produce(String name)
{
while(flag)
try{wait();}catch(Exception e){}
this.name = name+"---"+(counter++);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"+生产者+"+this.name);
flag = true;
notifyAll();
}
public synchronized void consume()
{
while(!flag)
try{wait();}catch(Exception e){}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---消费者---"+this.name);
flag = false;
notifyAll();
}
public int getCounter()
{
return counter;
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
Resource res;
public Producer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
res.produce("商品");
if(res.getCounter() > 100)
break;
}
}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable
{
Resource res;
public Consumer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
res.consume();
if(res.getCounter() > 100)
break;
}
}
}
这样就可以运行正常了。
3、下面是对jdk升级5.0版之后,同步在生产者与消费者的例子中的应用
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class ProducerConsumerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Resource res = new Resource();
Producer p1 = new Producer(res);
Producer p2 = new Producer(res);
Consumer c1 = new Consumer(res);
Consumer c2 = new Consumer(res);
Thread t1 = new Thread(p1);
Thread t2 = new Thread(p2);
Thread t3 = new Thread(c1);
Thread t4 = new Thread(c2);
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}
class Resource
{
private String name;
private int counter = 1;
private boolean flag = false;
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition_pro = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition_con = lock.newCondition();
public void produce(String name) throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();
try
{
while(flag)
condition_pro.await();
this.name = name+"---"+(counter++);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"+生产者+"+this.name);
flag = true;
condition_con.signal();
}
finally
{
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void consume() throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();
try
{
while(!flag)
condition_con.await();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"---消费者---"+this.name);
flag = false;
condition_pro.signal();
}
finally
{
lock.unlock();
}
}
public int getCounter()
{
return counter;
}
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
Resource res;
public Producer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
try
{
res.produce("商品");
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{
}
if(res.getCounter() > 100)
break;
}
}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable
{
Resource res;
public Consumer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
try
{
res.consume();
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{
}
if(res.getCounter() > 100)
break;
}
}
}
这代码相当地经典。
4、如何停止一个线程?
因为Thread类中的stop方法已经过时,所以只有一种方法可以使线程结束,就是run方法执行结束。
5、怎么清除一个线程的冻结状态?
Thread类中有一个interrupt的方法,可以清除某线程的冻结状态,使它强制转换到运行状态。
6、当某线程遇到wait语句时,会把该线程原本具有的锁(监视器)释放。
7、守护线程
a):主线程是前台线程,被标记为守护线程的线程是后台线程,但主线程结束的时候,守护线程自动结束;
b):把某线程标记为守护线程的方法,是Thread类中的setDeamon方法,另外记住,标记某线程为守护线程的代码要写在该线程启动(start方法)之前。
8、Thread类中的join方法
当某一线程执行代码中有“另一线程.join();”这样的代码时,当前线程就会被冻结,释放自己的执行资格,直到另一线程执行完毕,原本的线程才会重新执行。
9、Thread类中有一个toString方法,重写了Object类中的toString方法,打印输出的是线程名,优先级和线程组。
线程组:某个线程是由谁开启的,这个线程就属于谁的线程组;
优先级:是cpu执行某个线程的频率,主线程包括其他所有线程的默认优先级都是5,优先级分为10级,1-10。Thread类中的3个静态字段表示的就是1,5,10的优先级值。l另外,设置优先级的方法,是Thread类中的setPriority(int x)方法。
10、多线程的yield方法,暂时停止某个线程。