磁盘挂载工程师

关键命令

# 查看可用块
lsblk -f
# 硬盘分区工具，对/dev/nvme0n1硬盘执行分区操作，执行: [n] [p] [1] [] [] [w]
fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
# 格式化分区的文件系统为xfs
mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme0n1p1
# 修改分区的目录挂载（系统启动时会自动加载这个文件挂载）
vim /etc/fstab
# 刷新挂载数据
mount -a
# 查看挂载成果
df -h

一、检查挂载盘

（1）执行 df -h 发现里面没有申请的nvme盘

文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs         24G     0   24G    0% /dev
tmpfs            24G     0   24G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs            24G   25M   24G    1% /run
tmpfs            24G     0   24G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        40G  1.9G   39G    5% /
tmpfs           4.8G     0  4.8G    0% /run/user/2388
tmpfs           4.8G     0  4.8G    0% /run/user/603
tmpfs           4.8G     0  4.8G    0% /run/user/0

（2）执行命令 lsblk -f 查看磁盘信息

NAME    FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
vda
└─vda1  xfs          35d52bf6-2196-4519-a1c7-79117ef0106b /
nvme0n1 xfs          36059d76-d2c5-4b41-89ad-08f6e26e6265

其中vda1是默认已挂载的磁盘，nvme0n1是新的磁盘，还没有MOUNTPOINT

（3）命令 fdisk -l 查看磁盘信息

Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000cbc9d

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    83886046    41941999+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 1600.3 GB, 1600321314816 bytes, 3125627568 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

二、开始操作

（1）命令行输入 fdisk /dev/nvme0n1 ,开始对磁盘进行设置。

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5ddea492.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

输入n添加一个新分区，再输入p为主分区，再输入1，再输入2048（直接回车默认也是2048），再输入3125627567（或者直接回车），然后w保存退出

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-3125627567, default 2048): 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-3125627567, default 3125627567): 3125627567
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1.5 TiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

再次查看：lsblk -f

NAME        FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
vda
└─vda1      xfs          35d52bf6-2196-4519-a1c7-79117ef0106b /
nvme0n1
└─nvme0n1p1

格式化分区，指定为xfs文件系统： mkfs -t xfs /dev/nvme0n1p1 命令等同于 mkfs.xfs /dev/nvme0n1p1

Discarding blocks...Done.
meta-data=/dev/nvme0n1p1         isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=97675798 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=390703190, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=190773, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

查看是否成功：lsblk -f ， 成功格式化后会生成UUID

NAME        FSTYPE LABEL UUID                                 MOUNTPOINT
vda
└─vda1      xfs          35d52bf6-2196-4519-a1c7-79117ef0106b /
nvme0n1
└─nvme0n1p1 xfs          56f6d5b6-83c2-4f87-9397-7c69bb8660b4

新增永久生效的挂载：vim /etc/fstab 增加一行记录：

UUID=35d52bf6-2196-4519-a1c7-79117ef0106b /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=56f6d5b6-83c2-4f87-9397-7c69bb8660b4 /opt/push               xfs     defaults        0 0

刷新挂载信息

mount -a

执行 df -h 查看一下，也能看到了

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs         16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs            16G     0   16G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs            16G   25M   16G   1% /run
tmpfs            16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        40G  1.9G   39G   5% /
tmpfs           3.2G     0  3.2G   0% /run/user/2388
/dev/nvme0n1p1  1.5T   33M  1.5T   1% /opt/push