纪录以下C++类与对象学习中的练习

该项目由三个文件源文件构成，headerfile.h作为头文件用来定义类，headerfuc.cpp为类中的函数提供定义，test.cpp为主函数进行调用。

该程序主要练习了类的构造函数，析构函数，函数重载，this指针，值的引用，类的设计，还有其他巴拉巴拉的乱七八糟的东西。我最近在看c++primerplus，虽然一直在看但是缺乏练习，该程序是第一个练习。

该程序主要模拟了魔塔游戏中的攻击与防御机制。以下为代码实现。

---

//headerfile.h头文件
#ifndef textheader
#define	textheader
#include<string>
class Properties
{
private:
	std::string name;
	int atk;
	int def;
	int health;
public:
	Properties();
	Properties(std::string name_, int atk_ = 30, int def_ = 17, int health_ = 70);
	~Properties();
	void show()const;
	void fight(Properties& p2);
};
#endif

---

//headerfuc.cpp c++源文件
#include<iostream>
#include"headerfile.h"
Properties::Properties()
{
	name = "no name";
	atk = 20;
	def = 20;
	health = 100;
}

Properties::Properties(std::string name_, int atk_, int def_, int health_)
{
	name = name_;
	atk = atk_;
	def = def_;
	health = health_;
}
Properties::~Properties()
{
	std::cout << "Bye," <<name<<"!"<< std::endl;
}
void Properties::show()const
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;
	cout << "The properties of "<<name<<" are as follows"<<endl;
	cout << "\tattack= " << atk;
	cout << "\tdefence= " << def;
	cout << "\thealth= " << health << endl<<endl;
}
void  Properties::fight(Properties& p2)
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;
	int round = 1;
	Properties& p1 = *this;
	std::cout << "the " << p1.name << " started a fight against the " << p2.name << ",the details are as follows:" << endl;
	int p1atk = p1.atk - p2.def;
	int p2atk = p2.atk - p1.def;
	while (p2.health > 0 && p1.health > 0)
	{
		cout <<endl<<"round :"<<round++<<" begin!" << endl;
		p2.health -= p1atk > 0 ? p1atk : 0;
		cout << p2.name << " get " << p1atk << " damage,and HP remains\t " << p2.health<<endl;
		if (p2.health <= 0)
			break;
		p1.health -= p2atk > 0 ? p2atk : 0;
		cout << p1.name << " get " << p2atk << " damage,and HP remains\t " << p1.health<<endl;
	}
	if (p2.health <= 0)
		cout << p2.name << " has been defeated, and " << p1.name << " won!"<<endl<<endl;
	else
		cout <<"Oops!" << p1.name << " has been defeated, now the  " << p2.name << " won!" << endl<<endl;

}

---

//test.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include"headerfile.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	system("color 0B");
	Properties player1=Properties("jack");
	Properties player2("Rose", 26, 12, 300);
	Properties player3 = Properties();
	
	player1.show();
	player2.show();
    player3.show();

	player1.fight(player2);

	player1.show();
	player2.show();

	player3.fight(player2);

	player2.show();
	player3.show();

	return 0;
}

---

以上为代码实现。下图为该代码的部分运行图。

---

总的来说，类是用户定义的类型，对象则是类的示例。类与对象编程强调了面向对象的编程思想。程序员使用OOP方法解决编程问题，第一步是根据它与程序之间的接口来描述数据，从而指定如何使用数据。然后设计一个类来实现该接口。类与对象的好处之一是使程序便于维护，开发者可以随意的对程序的任何部分做独立的改进，而不必担心这样做会导致意外的不良影响。