Ubuntu20.04下安装显卡驱动

环境配置

系统: Ubuntu 20.04
CPU: i5
GPU:Geforce 960M

Ubuntu安装显卡驱动

1、查看当前显卡安装情况

使用glxinfo查看

https://dri.freedesktop.org/wiki/glxinfo/

$ glxinfo
Command 'glxinfo' not found, but can be installed with: 
sudo apt install mesa-utils

需要安装mesa-utils

sudo apt install mesa-utils

查看gl相关命令

$ glxinfo | grep render
direct rendering: Yes 
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2)

direct rendering: 返回yes则表示是采用直接渲染，对应no则为非直接渲染（这时渲染指令将发送到X-server中渲染）
OpenGL renderer string:诉你现在用的是什么driver, 能告诉你系统此时用的是software rendering还是hardware rendering

ps:拓展延伸其他情况

# 非直接+硬件渲染
direct rendering: No (LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT set)
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2)

这里 OpenGL通过设置环境变量，被强制使用indirect rendering，意味着所有的rendering commands都被发往 X server。但是 X server实际上用的是硬件加速渲染(hardware accelerated rendering

#直接+软件渲染
direct rendering: Yes
OpenGL renderer string: Software Rasterizer

这里OpenGL味着用的是software rendering，但是所有的software rendering是在client application里完成的，而不是发往 X server

查看OpenGL渲染信息

$ glxinfo | grep OpenGL # glxinfo | grep -i opengl #可忽略大小写
OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2)
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.5 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.2.6
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.50
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL core profile extensions:
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 21.2.6
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL extensions:
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.1 Mesa 21.2.6
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.10
OpenGL ES profile extensions:

注意第二行 OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2) 显然OpenGL的渲染采用的核显（也是硬件渲染）

当然，我们可以有更简单的方式，点击桌面的又上角，选择Settings打开About如下图

如果没有安装显卡，那么可以正式进入下面步骤了

2、查看所有可用的显卡驱动ubuntu-drivers devices

$ ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd0000139Bsv000017AAsd00003978bc03sc02i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : GM107M [GeForce GTX 960M]
driver   : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-450-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-418-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-525-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-515 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-510 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-515-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-525 - distro non-free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-470 - distro non-free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

选择后面有recommend 的驱动

# 安装显卡
sudo apt-get install nvidia-driver-525

或者Win+A打开 APP的Additional Driver
选择第一个推荐的nvidia-driver-525，然后点击Applying Changes
开始安装下载，安装完成后重启电脑

Nvidia官方地址 https://www.nvidia.cn/

使用nvidia-smi命令查看GPU情况

$ nvidia-smi 
Sun Feb  5 16:09:29 2023       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 525.78.01    Driver Version: 525.78.01    CUDA Version: 12.0     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  NVIDIA GeForce ...  Off  | 00000000:01:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| N/A   35C    P8    N/A /  N/A |      8MiB /  2048MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
                                                                               
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0   N/A  N/A       888      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                  2MiB |
|    0   N/A  N/A      1483      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                  2MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

注意，上面的CUDA Version: 12.0 并不是指当前安装的cuda版本，而是支持的最高版本的cuda版本

配置nvidia

# 启动nvida配置窗口
nvidia-settings

可通过prime-select命

其他查看glxinfo

$ glxinfo -B
name of display: :1
display: :1  screen: 0
direct rendering: Yes
Extended renderer info (GLX_MESA_query_renderer):
    Vendor: Intel Open Source Technology Center (0x8086)
    Device: Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2) (0x416)
    Version: 21.2.6
    Accelerated: yes
    Video memory: 1536MB
    Unified memory: yes
    Preferred profile: core (0x1)
    Max core profile version: 4.5
    Max compat profile version: 3.0
    Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
    Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.1
OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2)
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.5 (Core Profile) Mesa 21.2.6
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.50
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile

OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 21.2.6
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL context flags: (none)

OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.1 Mesa 21.2.6
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.10

通过查看OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 (HSW GT2)可知，显卡安装完成后，默认还是用的核显，可以通过下面命令，首选独显

令设置使用nvidia独显

sudo prime-select nvidia # 其他选项 nvidia | no-demand | intel

再次用命令glxinfo查看OpenGL renderer string中变为显卡的描述

如未切换过来，可以尝试重启计算机